Analysis Of Blindness By Jose Saramago English Literature Essay

Analysis Of blindness By Jose Saramago English Literature Es swear dimness, a sweet by Portuguese author Jos Saramago, depicts the dystopian outcome of a plague of sinlessness blindness, (clunky) a mysterious complaint that eventually occasions known among the novels characters as the white evil. Saramago quickly introduces the malady, recounting the firstborn infection within the first few pages of the novel. Out of fear of future contamination, the authorities arranges for a quarantine in an a stage set nonpareild kind asylum.Inside the asylum, the reader follows the harrowing account of a small group of internees led by the Doctors wife, who is the except any(prenominal)one to retain her eyesight. The white blindness spreads at a seemingly exponential rate to the capitulum that the whole human has fallen victim to the white evil. Once the number of quarantined individuals accumulates in the asylum, affable order crumbles and worship disintegrates, for even the Doc tors Wife balances on the cusp of right and ruin. However, there still corpse those individuals who make decisions that demonstrate altruistic sacrifice for the good of the rest. Jos Saramago writes a captivating story of not still social decay, save also the emergence of a new morality only present in the most desperate circumstances.An easier way to establish context for Blindness would be to analyze Saramagos life as salubrious as the historical events surrounding it. On November 16, 1992, Jos Saramago was born in Azinhaga, Portugal in the Ribatejo province to a poor farming family. His father had served in the French military during World War I, and he contumacious to pursue a c atomic number 18er in law enforcement in Lisbon, Portugals capital. Their way of living had greatly improve because of his new job, precisely they remained poor regardless of a new home. Saramagos p arents sent him to grammar school, though, they could not afford the education long enough for him to finish his studies. As a result, Saramago att remnanted a technical school to become a mechanic while studying literature during his free time. Before marrying his first wife Ilda Reis in 1944, he began working as an administrative civil servant for the Social Welfare Service. Three long time later he published his first book, The Land of Sin, though his initial literary endeavors were not rattling successful. He wrote more novels, but he failed to publish his projects. Saramago describes his earlier attempts at writing in his autobiography, The content was settled when I abandoned the projects it was go quite clear to me that I had nothing worthwhile to say For 19 years, I was absent from the Portuguese literary scene, where few people can project sight my absence (Saramago, Autobiography).For more than half of Saramagos life, the brutal Portuguese fascist dictator, Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, a former professor, was in agency (1928 1974). Salazar drew inspiration for his own dictatorial rule from Hitler and Mussolini, just as Saramago modeled his genial asylum in Blindness by and by Salazars appalling and barbarouse prisons that simulated Nazi concentration camps as well as the Japanese internment camps in the United States following the bombing of Pearl Harbor. In an interrogate for a Portuguese newspaper, Saramago calls his mental asylum the final solution, a resemblance of Hitlers plan to exterminate the Jews (quoted in Frier). Not only were the prisoners subjected to horrifying punishments such as being forced to lie under the African sun, the ocean weewee flowed into the chambers everyday, washing up both garbage and human waste (Frier). The mental asylum, though not against an ocean, also filled with human excrement because the internees had given up locating the restrooms after a few old age, resorting to defecating on the floor or on their beds. ( Same as last convict?) i could be sent to these prisons, the most notorious being Tar rafal on the Cape Verde Islands, for being a dissident and for criticizing the Portuguese government, often without physical evidence. Antnio de Rigueiredo, a Portuguese dissident, recounts his view in Tarrafal, later 1945, as soon as the regime felt sure of its survival and new alliances, it passed from arbitrary but casual repression to a scientific system of incarcerating individuals (quoted in Frier). Another prisoner recalls that the only doctor in Taraffal neglected prisoners and allowed them to die in the unsanitary conditions of the prison (Frier). Though the victims of the white evil in Blindness were not interned for whatever political reason, they experienced many of the same abuses by the military their force was a direct order from the government as well as out of fear of being contaminated. A sergeant on assignment tells his soldiers after he has killed an internee, From now on, we shall leave the containers at the halfway point, allow the/m come and fetch them, we ll keep them under surveillance, and at the slightest suspicious movement, we fire (Saramago 84). Although these prisoners chastise to approach their providers without provoking attack, their blindness prevents them from knowing whether they will be shot for qualification a wrong move. Acquiring the daily rations most often ends in violence or verbal abuse from the military.Saramago was extremely distrusting of the Salazar regime and government, so he joined the Portuguese Communist Party in 1969. To do so was illegal under Salazars dictatorship. Within the last few years of Salazars rule, Saramago worked for two Lisbon newspapers, Dirio de Lisboa and, later, Dirio de Nticias. He lost his job from the latter in 1975 after the new anti-Communist government had come into power. With no hopes of finding another journalistic position, he turned to writing literature and developed his unique writing, consisting of very small punctuation and dialogue within narration.His later novels became lots more successful, though he met much opposition from both the Catholic Church and the Portuguese government because of Communistic and anti-religious undertones. Baltazar and Bilmunda (1982) criticized the role of Catholicism in 18th-century Portugal. The Church criticized The Gospel According to Jesus Christ (1991), claiming that Saramagos depiction of Jesus was too human and foetid to the Church (Saramago, Autobiography). Because the government was very much influenced by the Church, it did not allow this novel to be presented for the European Literary Prize. Many of Saramagos supporters protested the decision. Later on, Saramago moved to the Canary Islands with his second wife, Pilar del Ro, because the support he received inspired him to write even more. There, he wrote his two most famous novels, Blindness (1995) and any the Names (1997).Saramago expresses his distrust for the Church again in Blindness in a scene to harbors the end of the novel in which the Doctors Wife enters a perform that has become a refugee camp for the blind. She observes that all the images in the church had their eyes covered, statues with a white cloth tied around the head, paintings with a thick brushstroke of white paint, there was only one woman who did not have her eyes covered, because she carried her gouged-out eyes on a silver tray (Saramago 317). She tells her hubby and he replies, Perhaps it was the work of someone whose faith was badly shaken when he realised that he would be blind like the others, maybe it was even the local priest (Saramago 317). The conflicting alteration of the images and the speculation that a priest may be behind them suggests that, just as the world has been stricken blind, so too has the Church. God and the saints no longer listen to the pleas of the victims. Naturally, those who in the church are offended from hearing the mere suggestion that their faith could not cure them. However, they flee the church after a few scream at the eyeshot that what the Doctor and his wife say may be true. Shortly after, people slowly begin to regain their sight. In her analysis of the novel, Carole Champagne says that the powers associated with the images in the church have been transferred to humanity, who are empowered to use their own moral and spiritual resources-their own eyes-which are their patrimony (Champagne). So long had the refugees in the church depended on their faith for a moral balance until they had regained their sight. They would no longer have to look to a higher power that did not answer their prayers.The presence of morality in a damaged society, and the lack thereof, and the consequences that result from right and wrong are major themes of Jos Saramagos Blindness. betimes in the novel, as the Ministry of Health arrives at the Doctors apartment, his wife attempts to accompany him. The ambulance driver refuses to let her in, but she claims that she has been struck blind. Shortly after, the reader le arns that she had faked her blindness though she is sure that she will eventually become blind. After days of experiencing the unsanitary conditions and constant conflict between internees, the Doctors Wife feels the need to help them, though she struggles both with herself and with her husband over the proposition. Her husband tells her, Think of the consequences, they will almost certainly try to turn you into their slave, You will be at the beck and call of everyone Dont value that blindness has made us better people, It hasnt made us any worse, Were on our way though (Saramago 133). The Doctor suggests that the peoples morality has left along with their sight, and that once his wife tries to dish up them, she will be taken advantage of until she no longer can utilize her sight for herself. What she had thought was the right thing to do had gotten her caught in a downward spiral of disintegrating social order and chaos.Also, early in the novel, the First Blind Man confronts th e Car Thief in the asylum. As soon as the First Blind Man discovers that his Samaritan had stolen his car after bringing him home, they immediately resort to hopeless fist fighting. This event signifies the first descent into moral decline, especially with how quickly the event transpires, though the First Blind Mans reaction to the car theft is still a normal reaction a sighted person would have. As the novel progresses, interpersonal conflicts become more prevalent among the internees, especially when dealing with the meager rations the government supplies them. The Doctor says, Fighting has always been, more or less, a form of blindness (Saramago 133). Fighting had existed sooner the whole world was struck blind, suggesting that people had already been blind, not in the literal sense but blind to each others needs.The conflict over food finally escalates to the point that a group of hoodlums band together to take control of all the food in hopes of taking all the internees valu ables. The Doctors Wife organizes a resistance to fight against the band, though it end in bloodshed on her side. In their confrontation, the head of the gang says to the Doctors Wife, I wont forget your voice, and she responds without thinking, Nor I your face (Saramago 140). Though she can physically see the hoodlums face, her holy terror suggests that only his face could belong to something so evil that would take food away from the rest of the internees.As if foreshadowing a heightened conflict, the First Blind Man says to the Doctor, Well, Im not entirely convinced that there are limits to misfortune and evil (Saramago 144). After the hoodlums run out of valuables to steal from the other internees, they demand that each ward send in all its women to satisfy their lust. Otherwise, the wards would not get their food. Immediately the men pressure the women to get down the hoodlums and have sex with them for the well-being of the others. The women, fearing for their lives, becom e enraged and chastise the men for suggesting they appease the hoodlums. While some of the women listened to the mens reasoning, others challenge the men with the same attitude the men had expressed. And what would you do if these rascals instead of asking for women had asked for men, what would you do then? (Saramago 168). One man replies, There are no pansies here, while another woman says, And no whores either (Saramago 168). In desperation, the asylum has erupted into a mess of sexism and moral degradation. The men would be willing to give up their women in exchange for food, thus reducing and objectifying the status of women. A small group of women including the First Blind Mans Wife and the Doctors Wife agree to prostitute themselves despite protests by their husbands, the former especially. The narrator concludes the womens decisions Dignity has no price, that when someone starts making small concessions, in the end life loses all meaning (Saramago 169). At the expense of the men, the group of women experience a brutal gang rape, resulting in the death of one of the women. To restore the dead womans dignity, the Doctors Wife finds water to wash her. This event indicates how much the community within the asylum has degenerated, for the men have put a price on the bodies of the women they know.Perhaps the event that illustrates the most difficult moral decision of the whole novel is the murder of the hoodlums leader. Prior to the event, the Doctors Wife discovers that she had brought a pair of scissors with the intent of helping her husband shave. She never uses them for the original purpose and hangs them on a wall. However, after her rape, she grabs the scissors without hesitation and heads for the hoodlums ward. As the leader rapes one of the women, the Doctors Wife sneaks behind him and stabs him in the throat as he has an orgasm. His cry was barely audible, it might have been the grunting of an animal about to ejaculate, as was happening to some of t he other men (Saramago 189). Saramago describes the hoodlums as having degenerated to the point of becoming animals, acting solely upon appeasing natural inclinations and vices. The Doctors Wife runs away with the raped woman and breaks down. She justifies the murder by thinking, And when is it necessary to kill When what is still alive is already dead (Saramago 192-93). Though the first inclination is to think that the Doctors Wife justified the murder because the hoodlum had proven himself to be incapable of being human, she could have meant that it was she who was the inhuman one. She is the only sighted person among the blind. If even she has dropped to this level of moral decay, then the rest of the internees have little hope in restoring their own humanity until they regain their sight.