Self-Determination in the Basque Country Essay -- Persuasive Argumenta

Self-Determination in the Basque kingdom The Basques, settled on the Franco-Spanish border, are a pot who do not have a country that exists as an entity of its own. They are not recognized internationally. Their borders are not well-thought-of, and their culture is repressed. Thus the history of the Basque Country is one of contentious protest against imposed conditions, unremitting effort in defense of its identity and a relentless search for a means of democratizing national life. They have not been able to practice or pursue the right to self-determination as stated in the international covenants on human rights (above) and the widely distributed Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples from Algeria, July 4th, 1976, that, Every people has the fundamental and inalienable right to self-determination. It defines its political status in all freedom, without any external foreign interference. Spanning approximately 20,000 square(p) kilometers, with three provinces in the north under French rule, and four provinces in the south under Spanish rule, the Basque people enjoy a strong smell of pride in their culture. This pride stems mainly from their unique language the true essence of Basque identity. Its roots trace to before the invasion of the Indo-Europeans, around 4,000 years ago. Therefore, it is the oldest know language in all of Europe. The Basques have struggled to keep language as the cornerstone of their culture. However, under Spanish rule this has been greatly challenged, especially in the twentieth century. In the first decades of the last century, children caught speaking Basque in schools were beaten as a means to discourage the use and growth of the language. And while the majority of the... ...on should get through autonomy and independence, yet others, as is the case of the Basque Country, should not?The Basque people are entitled to self-determination. They have been persecuted and discriminated against for long enough. Their language and their culture deserve to be respected and protected. If this does not occur, attacks will continue, their anger will fester, and all their passion and frustration will perpetuate more violence, completing the circle, only to start again. BIBLIOGRAPHY Astrain, Luis Nunez. The Basques Their Struggle For Independence. chiselAcademic Press. Wales. 1997 Sullivan, John. ETA and Basque Nationalism. Routledge. London. 1988. www.elpais.es Zirakzadeh, Cyrus Ernesto. A Rebellious People Basques, Protests, and Politics. University of Nevada Press. Reno. 1991.

Free Narrative Essays - Attitude Is Everything :: Example Personal Narratives

Attitude Is Everything       Jerry was the kind of guy you love to hate. He was everlastingly in a good mood and always had something positive to say. When someone would ask him how he was doing, he would reply, If I were any better, I would be twin   He was a unique manager because he had several waiters who had followed him around from restaurant to restaurant. The reason the waiters followed Jerry was because of his attitude. He was a natural motivator. If an employee was having a noxious day, Jerry was in that location telling the employee how to look on the positive side of the situation.   Seeing this style really made me curious, so one day I went up to Jerry and asked him, I dont get it You cant be a positive person all of the time. How do you do it? Jerry replied, Each morning I wake up and say to myself, Jerry, you yield two choices today. You can charter to be in a good mood or you can choose to be in a bad mood. I choose to be in a g ood mood. Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a victim or I can choose to learn from it. I choose to learn from it. Every time someone comes to me complaining, I can choose to lease their complaining or I can point out the positive side of life. I choose the positive side of life.   Yeah, right, its not that easy, I protested. Yes it is, Jerry said. spiritedness is all round choices. When you cut away all the junk, every situation is a choice. You choose how you react to situations. You choose how people will affect your mood. You choose to be in a good or bad mood. The bottom line Its your choice how you live life. I reflected on what Jerry said.   Soon thereafter, I leftover the restaurant industry to start my own business. We lost touch, but I often thought about him when I made a choice about life instead of reacting to it. Several years later, I heard that Jerry did something you are never supposed to do in the

A Transient Citizen Essay -- American Citizenship Immigration Essays

A Transient Citizen ...1 hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce all allegiance and fidelity to any remote prince or state of whom or which I have been a subject or citizen....This is a clause from an oath I took on February 6, 2002an ordinary sidereal day of no significance to most people, a climatic point in my lifeit was the day I became a U.S. citizen. I did not attend the noble ceremony in the Los Angeles Convention Center, yet for me it did not matter I was up to now just as excited, for this was the day I became a true American. there were many people from different cultures in the noisy office where I received my certificate, yet we were all filled with the same excitementthe potential of the American Dream and to be part of the greatest nation. It seemed that e very time an employee came out they called someone else, as if I was not even there, and I started to worry. The fear of travel home without being a citizen of this nation started to cross my mind. Two hours passed and I was sitting in the same chair listening to the noise of the typewriters inside the offices. Then, as if time itself had stopped, it happened they called me to the front window. It was as if I as walking to the doors of heaven. I recognized that it was not the end but rather a new beginning. It was the launching of a new person. The oath was simple I had promised to support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States of America against all enemies. I choked on the very words when I realized I had just taken an oath promising to bear arms even against the country of my birth. For so long I envisioned perfection as the day I would become a citizen of a country that I had learned to love. I realized ... ...goals aimed at success, having a stable job or owning a house, but it is now a long-term goal that seeks to find a stable point between ii nations even if the nations themselves are not at peace. Now that I have gone through the process of applying for United States citizenship, I have taken the responsibility to choose between Mexico and The United Statesbetween my roots and my future. I have taken an oath, not only before The Great American seal, but likewise and most importantly before God. I do not wish to question whether I regret becoming a citizen or not, for the only restriction that is always holding us back is not being able to let go of the past. However, I cannot completely erase what I feel for Mexico, for I do not want to forget my heritage, mi cultura. I may be bound to the American flag and the U.S. Constitution, but I am still proud of being Mexican.

henry ford :: essays research papers

Henry cut across, born July 30, 1863, was the first of William and Mary Fords six children. He grew up on a successful family farm in what is to sidereal day Dearborn, Michigan. (Teachers D.) It was early on that Henry showed a strong dislike for his farm chores and interests in all types of mechanical things. (Editors 205.) In 1879 at the very young age of only sixteen Henry left home for Detroit the present day motor city.(Ford Motor C.) In Detroit Henry worked as an apprentice to a machinist.(Wik 190.) Returning home to help with farming from time to time he remained in his apprenticeship for 3 years.(Ford Motor C.) In the years to stick to Henry more or less drifted in his work such as operating or repairing steam engines, finding occasional work in a Detroit factory, and over-hauling his fathers farm implements, as well as lending a reluctant hand with other farm work.(Dahlinger 12.) However In 1889 with the marriage to his wife Clara Bryant he was forced to find a steady j ob to support them and worked by running a saw mill. (Teachers D.)In 1891, Ford became an engineer with the Edison illuminate Company in Detroit. By doing making this decision it showed that Ford had decided to concentrate his job and work to industrial pursuits. His promotion to Chief Engineer in 1893 gave him enough extra time and money to devote attention to his personal experiments on internal combustion engines. (Yenne 150.) In 1896 his experiments produced a result he do a quadricycle that had a steering wheel and a two speed engine with no reverse. (Teachers D.) Although this sounds like a very impressive feat Ford was not the first to build a self-propelled vehicle with a gasoline engine.After two unsuccessful attempts to establish a company to fictionalization automobiles, the Ford Motor Company was founded in 1903 with Henry Ford as vice-president and chief engineer. (Editors 9.) The small company produced only a few cars a day at the Ford factory on Mack Avenue in Det roit. Groups of two or three men worked on each car from components tell in by other companies. (Yenne 45) Henry Ford realized his dream of producing an automobile that was reasonably priced, reliable, and efficient with the introduction of the Model T in 1908. (XXXX) This vehicle initiated a new era in personal transportation. It was easy to operate, maintain, and handle on rough roads, immediately becoming a huge success.

Aldous Huxleys A Brave New World Essays -- Technology A Brave New Wor

Aldous Huxleys A unfearing New valet de chambreThe New World, a man-made Utopia, governed by its motto, Community, Identity, Stability (Huxley 3). A man-made world in every way. Human beings fertilized in bottles. Identity, gender, intelligence, position in society, all predestined. Human beings classified in the order of precedence Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon. Every one conditioned to be a certain way. Every one works for every one else (Huxley, 74). solely man-made to ensure societal stability. Is society in the New World truly better than in the 2000s? Are people in the New World truly happier than we are in the 2000s? Do we in the 2000s have any amour in common with the New World? Are there remarkable sociological differences among the 2000s and the New World? These are questions I found myself pondering as I lay d give birth Aldous Huxleys brilliant A Brave New World. We have tremendous expectations of our Mothers. In the 2000s , our ideal Mother give life to her child, leads unconditional love to her child, and nurtures her child. There is a special bond between a Mother and her child. We have learned to recognize, respect, and appreciate the self-sacrifices and hardships that a Mother endures for her child. Those of us less fortunate, craves the love, care, and attention of a good Mother and good parents. To provide good parenting to our children are the goals and concerns of every good parents. Parental affection and guidance, or lack thereof, plays a vital role in our lives. We promote childbirth as a natural, fulfilling experience for women (Lamaze International, Online). In the New World, Mother is a smutty word (Huxley 36). Mothers, parents, and families were taught and understood as viviparous. Our 90s society woul... ...itics, the social instability. Should we sacrifice the good of the 2000s for the social stability of the New World? I want to say that I can not be certain, for I do believe in contrastive systems, different values. But I can not say that. I live in the 2000s society and I grew up with my own set of belief. My own ideology. Therefore I have my bias opinion. Isnt social instability the path to finding true happiness? Without the bad, how will you recognize the good? If every thing is predestined, what is the purpose of life? If there is no individual love, what is there to live for? Self-happiness verses state-happiness. If self-happiness is selfish - then I am.Works CitedHuxley, Aldous. A Brave New World. 1932, 1946. theme Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) 10 February 1998 . Europe Against Drugs (EURAD) Date Unknown . Lamaze International Date Unknown .

Parental Blindness / Filial Ingratitude / Madness :: essays research papers

As Shakespeare presents to us a tragic pattern of parental and filial love, in which a prosperous man is devested of power and finally recognises his " pampering", empathy is induced in the audience. In "King Lear", it is noted from the beginning of the play that both Lear and Gloucester suffer from self-approbation and will consequently find revelation by perpetual "the rack of this tough world". While Lear mistakenly entrusts the shallow professions of love from his "thankless" daughters - Goneril and Regan - instead of the selfless words of Cordelia, Gloucester shadows a similar ignorance by initially entrusting love in the evil Edmund, rather than Edgar, whom we consider to be a "truly" loyal "noble gentlemen".Undeniably, both parents misjudge appearance for reality, as it is altogether in this way that they can "let the great gods that keep this dreadful pudder Oer their heads / Find out their enemies" where "all ven geance comes too short". When Lear is jilted by Goneril and Regan and stripped of his "hundred Knights and squires", he is left with "nothing" in the wilderness, besides the loyal company of Kent and the Fool, and later on, Edgar and Gloucester. It appears that at this stage he senses his " pampering", that he "did Cordelia wrong". But Lear has yet to gain full insight. Although, before entering the hovel, he realises that he has been a "man more sinned against sinning", the put to work of self-discovery is not complete until all truth is unveiled. As Lear realises his foolishness in bannishing Cordelia - his "joy" and the only daughter who truly loves him - we sense Lears increasing sorrow and despair. By revealling his "sin", he is subjecting himself to punishment. Perhaps it is a deserving motion, since he had passed judgement and punished Kent and Cordelia for coming between "the dragon and his wrath", that is , him and his power. Now the gods above rightfully control Lears destiny, abiding by the process that man has to suffer to gain peace.At this particular moment, Lear is still unaware of Kents identity, disguised as Caius, ever since he bannished Kent for defending Cordeilas thoughtful choice to "love and be silent". We understand that the disguise is a way in which Kent can protect and continually look the "poor, weak and infirm" Lear. Lear begins to accomplish understanding through the change in his contemptuous behaviour to a sympathetic learning man.

Barilla SpA Case Study Essay

barilla watering place, the worlds biggest pasta manufacturer, has continuously experienced problems with outgrowthd cost and inefficiencies in their operation. The fluctuations in demand have caused Barilla SpAs manufacturing be, inventory costs, and distribution costs to go up. Issues that influenced the demand fluctuations are the discounts Barilla SpA offers on twain price and transportation, the compensations for sales representatives that is based on the volume of goods they sell to the distributors, and long lead times between time of order and time of delivery just now to name a few.The idea of JITD is to allow sales and inventory data to be shared along the supply orbit. By doing so, Barilla SpA bath use that data from its distributors to better understand the demand of its products and perform better forecasting. The results would be lower transportation costs due to better shipment planning, increase manufacturing efficiency, reduce inventory costs, and little st ock outs for its distributors. This will benefit both Barilla SpA and its distributors, but resistance from the distributors and Barilla SpAs essential opposition makes it difficult to implement such strategy. Barilla SpAs sales representatives were afraid of losing their jobs because they felt with the JITD in place they will no time-consuming be needed. Also, it would essentially eliminate the current compensation system, meaning they would make less money. As for the distributors, the idea of providing sales data to another(prenominal)s was unheard of at the time. The distributors did not trust Barilla SpA with their private information, and felt that they would lose control of their proclaim operations if they had agreed with Barilla SpA.Despite of all the internal and foreign resistances and doubts, I still think JITD is feasible for Barilla SpA, and they should continue to try and implement it due to the large savings and increased efficiency that JITD will bring down to both Barilla SpA and its distributors. In order to succeed, Barilla SpA must(prenominal) convince its distributors that the JITD strategy will work, and that it is also beneficial to everyone.Before exhausting to convince the distributors, I believe Barilla SpA must convince its sales representatives first because they are the ones the distributors talk to the most, and layabout have an influence in a distributors decision. An example of that is the Macaroni GD in the case, where its sales representative had some influence on Macaronis decision. Barilla SpA must communicate to its sale representatives that even with JITD in place, they will still be needed. Their responsibilities will be changed from trying to sell high volumes to selling the JITD idea and to plead a good relationship with the distributors. The sales representatives will be the first ones to help solve any problems that the distributors has, and they will be involved in other logistic responsibilities that the JITD will require. Also, convince them that the more money the company saves, the more the company will profit therefore a higher bonus sewer be given to employees. This may change Barilla SpAs sales representatives perception to Pro-JITD.As for the distributors, there are a few shipway that will help Barilla SpA convince them that JITD will be beneficial for everyone. Instead of trying to convince the distributors just by talking to them and tell them about JITD, Barilla SpA should develop some kind of an analysis that they can show the distributors just how it can benefit them. Show them the high costs and cons of the current strategy, and compare it to the costs savings that JITD will bring across the supply chain.Next, Barilla should implement JITD in a number of the Barilla-owned regional warehouses first. Since they own the warehouses, they will be able to test JITD with them. After a period of time, Barilla can use the information gathered to show the distributors (only i f it was successful), that the implementation of JITD is a good thing. Showing the distributors the improved efficiency and cost savings that resulted from it may help win them over.One other thing that Barilla SpA can do to gain its distributors confidence to agree to the JITD program is signing some kind of a contract. It will be an agreement between Barilla SpA and its distributors that Barilla SpA willbasically guarantee the positive results of the JITD program. If the JITD does not work, and in turn cause the distributors to lose money due to increased costs incurred by the distributors or increased stock outs (which leads to lost of sales), then Barilla SpA will be responsible to pay them that amount. This will show the distributors that Barilla SpA is confident that this JITD program will benefit the distributors, and will help convince the distributors to sign up for JITD.The JITD strategy will result in less fluctuation in demand, and allow Barilla SpA to reduce costs and b ecome more efficient. It will also benefit others in the supply chain as well and not just Barilla SpA. Barilla SpA must be able to convince both its internal sales representatives as well as the distributors. Once JITD is implemented, it will improve communication, cooperation, and relationship between Barilla SpA and its distributors. It will allow Barilla SpA to become more competitive and grow bigger than it already is, and its growth will benefit the distributors that trusted Barilla SpA and agreed to the JITD.

Criminal Defense Case

Criminal Defense Case Most people be aware of process to convict a brutal defendant. The prosecutor must prove beyond a logical doubt that the defendant is guilty of the evil in question, and that the accused is not required by law to present the court with any evidence, or prove he or she is innocent. Under the United States Constitutions Fifth Amendment, a pitiful defendant is not compelled to state under oath against himself. However, in some savage trials, the defendant wants the opportunity to prove he or she is innocent by presenting the court with a defense.The following paper will discuss the various types of defenses sad defendants can introduce to defend against criminal charges, and differentiate between the sub judice and medical perspective on rational illness and insanity (University of Phoenix Course Syllabus, 2009 Law Library, 2009). In most criminal defense cases, even though the defendant may prevail intentionally harmed another person or property, he or she may maintain that his or her case was an exception to the standards of criminal debt instrument and that, as a result, he or she should not be bring guilty and undergo any penalties.According to the Law Library (2009), in that respect are invariably unusual situations in which people intentionally cause harm, but the purpose of penalty would not be furthered in these cases (4). In addition, overdue to psychological or intellectual challenges, some individuals are not held reprehensively responsible for their harmful conduct. Therefore, to accommodate these types of cases, defendants have the opportunity to negate criminal responsibility by presenting defenses (Law Library, 2009). Two categories can identify criminal defenses I did not do it (factual) and I did it, but (legal).Defendants of the I did not do it category, try to avoid punishment by claiming that he or she did not target the act in question. Defenses that fall into the I did not do it category are the pr emise of Innocent, Reasonable Doubt, and the Alibi Defense. Defendants of the I did it, but category do not deny committing the act in question but instead, try to avoid punishment by claiming that the act was due to unusual circumstances. Defenses that fall into the I did it, but category are Self-Defense, the Insanity Defense, Under the Influence, and Entrapment (Nolo, 2009 Schmalleger, 2010).The presumption of innocence means that either individual is presumed innocent until convicted, either as the result of exculpationding guilty or in a trial. This presumption means the defendant does not have to defend himself on his behalf, but instead, the prosecutor must convince the jury of the defendants guilt. A defendant may remain silent during the wide court process, not call upon any witnesses, and simply argue that the prosecutor failed to prove their case. The defendant goes free, if the prosecutor fails to convince the court that the defendant is guilty (Find Law, 2009).Defe nses of bonnie doubt, the prosecutor must convince either the judge or jury assigned to the case that the defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. This could be a difficult standard to meet. Because the high burden of proof, means the evidence in favor of the defendant are to be resolved of all doubts by judges and jurors. With such a difficult task imposed on the prosecutor, a defendant may simply argue that there is indeed reasonable doubt (Nolo, 2009). The alibi defense is different from other major defenses alibis are based on the claim of actual innocence.The defendant present evidence and or witness testimony proving that he or she was somewhere during the time the alleged crime was committed. For example, Jason Jones, 26, and his brother, Corey Jones, 29, were release from jail when federal prosecutors failed to counterattack the brothers alibi. Frederick H. Cohn, a lawyer for Jason Jones, was able to prove that during the time of a federal witness killing in the Bron x, both brothers were approximately five miles from the scene of the crime fit to Jason Jones MetroCard (The New York Times Company, 2009).Self-defense is commonly asserted by individuals charged with a crime of violence, like battery, assault with a deadly weapon, or murder. The defendant does not deny committing the crime, but instead, claims that his or her action was justifiable due to the other persons threatening actions. The fundamental issues in most criminal trials are, who was the aggressor, was self-defense necessary, and was the reasonable amount of force used by the defendant. Although people are allowed to protect themselves from physical harm, it must be in the belief that a physical attack is about to occur.Further, an act of self-defense cannot exceed to a greater extent force than is believe reasonable. A person who uses too much force may be guilty of crime. For example, the aggressor physically tries to attack the defender with his fist and the defender defends the aggressor back with a knife, stabbing the aggressor several times. The defender would be guilty of the crime since the force use was not reasonable (Nolo, 2009). The insanity defense is based on the standards that a person cannot be criminally responsible for the crime in question, if he is incapable of controlling his behavior and cannot understand the differences between ripe and wrong.Since some individuals do suffer from a mental disorder, the insanity defense prevents them from undergoing any criminal penalties. Here are some important points of interest. Not often, but when a defendant does enter a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity, judges and jurors almost never supports it. Maybe it has to do with the conflicting agreements between the legal and medical perspective. There are several definitions when it comes to insanity since both the legal system and medical experts cannot agree on one single meaning. McNaghten defines insanity as the inability to distinguish right from wrong. Irresistible impulse defines insanity as a persons act may be wrong, but because of the mental illness his actions cannot be controlled. Further, defendants found not guilty by reason of insanity is not released by confined to a mental institution for further evaluations, and in some cases, spends more time in the institute than they would if they were in prison. On behalf of the defense, a psychiatrist must testify subsequently examining the case and defendants history (Find Law, 2009).Defendants that commit a crime while under the influence of alcohol or drugs sometimes argue that they cannot be held accountable for their actions since their mental functioning was impaired. However, intoxication, especially unpaid does not excuse criminal conduct. Most people are aware of the side effects of drugs and alcohol, thus holding them legally responsible for committing crimes as a result of their voluntary use. However, in some states, if the criminal crime requires specific intent, the defendant can argue that he was too intoxicated to have make that intent.Although the defendant is still partially to blame for his actions, the punishment is less severe (Find Law, 2009). Entrapment takes places when a government official forces a person to commit a crime and then tries to punish them for it. In some cases, however, even if a government agent did suggest the crime and then help the defendant commit it, the defendant could still be guilty if the judge or jury believes the defendant would have committed the crime anyways. Entrapment defenses, thus, can be difficult for defendants with prior convictions of identical crimes (Find Law, 2009).In conclusion, a defendant is given the opportunity to present evidence on his or her behalf, even though he or she is not stimulate to do so under law. Throughout this criminal defense case analysis, we were able to discuss the differences between criminal defenses of I did not do it (factual) and I did it, but , (legal), as well as explain the various types of defenses under each category. Further, we are able to conclude that although there are a mix of criminal defenses that can be used to defend a persons innocence, does not necessarily mean that the courts will agree with his or her actions or defense to actions.Reference Find Law. (2009). Criminal law Common defenses Defenses to criminal charges. Retrieved December 01, 2009, from http//criminal. findlaw. com/crimes/criminal-overview/common-defenses-to-criminal-charges. html Law Library. (2009). Criminal law principles Defense principles. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from http//jrank. org/pages/18462/Criminal-Law-Principles-Defense-Principles. html Nolo. (2009). Defenses to criminal charges. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from http//www. nolo. om/legal-encyclopedia/article-30275. html Schmalleger, F. (2010). Criminal law today An introduction with capstone cases. (4th ed. ) Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall. The New York Times Company. (2009). Murder case dropped after MetroCard verifies alibi. Retrieved December 01, 2009, from http//www. nytimes. com/2009/01/01/nyregion/01murder. html University of Phoenix Course Syllabus. (2009). CJA 343 Criminal Law. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from the University of Phoenix Student Web site.

The Contemporary Issue Of Bullying Education Essay

The present-day(a) issue I dedicate centre upon in this assignment is Strong-arming. This is a prevailing issue in today s society. I feel this is of great importance particularly with the concerns originating from recent explore into the effects of strong-arming. This research indicates that strong-arming can h middle-aged societal, forcible and psychological effects on scholarly persons any bit good as on their academic success.What is strong-armingBullying is a societal phenomenon that is non easy to specify. It is a fashion that can be either be physical/ communicative or direct/indirect. A bully is defined in the dictionary as a individual, who hurts, intimidates or persecutes person who is perceived to be opposite or weaker .The disposal defines strong-arming as Behaviour by an person or pigeonholing, norm solely toldy repeated over clip, that deliberately hurts an opposite person or group either physically or emotionally . Dan Olweus a taking expert in this fie ld has a similar definition to the political sciences and he asserts that A pupil is being bullied or victimized when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over clip, to negative action on the portion of one or more separate pupil ( Olweus, 1993 p.9 )The most widely used definition nevertheless is one that is developed by Olweus ( 993 ) and extended by Whitney and Smith ( 1993, p.7 ) We say a chela or unripe individual is being bullied, or picked on when other befool or immature individual, or a group of kids or immature batch, say rottenly and unpleasant things to him or her. It is similarly strong-arming when a kid or a immature individual is hit, kicked, threatened, locked inside a room, sent awful notes, when no- one of all time negotiations to them and things like that. These things can go on often and it is hard for the kid or the immature individual being bullied to throw himself or herself. It is besides strong-arming when a kid or immature individual is teased re peatedly in a awful manner. But it is non strong-arming when two kids or immature people of more or less the kindred strength have the uneven battle or wrangle .Different type of strong-armingThe word bullying is used to evince many diffident types of violent or intimidating behavior. Bullying is surely non easy to sort but here atomic number 18 the political boss types that have been set. The source is verbal strong-arming which is the most common intimidation harmonizing to research. Childline report that 56 per centum of kids that rang to the highest degree intimidation called about verbal intimidation. This type of strong-arming includes name naming and dish the dirting. flesh naming is the most prevailing mannikin of strong-arming harmonizing to most surveies. One kid in the Childline research for 2007/08 declargond I am being bullied at tutor and experience no 1 likes me. I am ever running to conceal or shout on my ain because I m called label and am pulled at. I feel self-destructive but I wo nt make it .The 2nd is physical strong-arming which involves the usage of physical force such as large and forcing. This type of intimidation is considered to be direct because it is deliberately focussed at the victim. In 2007/08 Childline account that 53 per centum of kids and immature people that called about intimidation reported physical intimidation. It can be identified through physical marks such as bodily harm although physical intimidation does non ever subjoin up hurt. Physical intimidation can be a manner of seeking to mortify the victim and describe power over them.The 3rd is indirect verbal intimidation and this sort of strong-arming involves hurtful and untruthful remarks behind the victims back. It can include spreading of rumors, letters or notes or even graffitos. The last is Cyber-bullying which is the newest signifier of strong-arming identified and has become a concern in recent old ages. This is a technology-enabled inti midation and involves strong-arming by agencies of confab suites, instant messing, nomadic phones or even electronic mails. Research initiated as a portion of the DCSF cyber-bullying run highlighted that 30 four per centum of 12-15 twelvemonth olds reported being capable to cyber-bullying. Similarly research carried out by Goldsmiths College for the Anti-bullying Alliance found that 20 two per centum of 11-16 twelvemonth olds had fallen victims to cyber-bullying.PrevalenceAssorted surveies have been under taken on this topic but because of the topics sensitive nature it is difficult to find solid, valid and dependable statistics. The research being completed nevertheless does foreground the true extent of the intimidation job in the railroom scene. Bullying is a modern-day issue with the first theme prove on this topic being conducted comparatively late. Kidscape s conducted the national study between the old ages of 1984 and 1986 utilizing a specimen of 4000 kids ages 5 to 12. T he study revealed the extent of the job. The study showed that 68 % of the kids had been bullied at least one time, 39 per centum had been bullied at least twice and 0.5 % of those kids felt it had affected their lives that tumefy that they tried to perpetrate self-destruction. Recent research besides suggests that the job is still outstanding in the nurture scene. Harmonizing to one recent survey, one-fifth of primary enlightening students and a one-fourth of students in Year 8 perceived intimidation as a big job in their school.A later(a) study by ChildLine showed that 15 per cent of primary school kids and 12 per cent of secondary school kids said they had bullied in the last twelvemonth ( ChildLine2004 ) . In another survey, 50 per cent of badly bullied male childs said that they bully others, as did 33 per cent of badly bullied misss. Childline the national helpline for kids received between the months of April 2000 to process 2001 about 20,300 calls from kids and immature people concerned about intimidation. Kidscape another helpline believes it receives more that 16,000 calls from parents each(prenominal) twelvemonth concerned about their kids acquiring bullied.Research has besides suggested that Cyber-bullying which is the newest identified signifier of intimidation is going a major job. The figure of Cyber-bullying instances is on the rise ( Noret and Rivers, 2006 ) . A survey by National Centre for Social Research released to coincide with November 2009 Anti-bullying hebdomad revealed that Cyber-bullying is now one of the commonest signifiers of intimidation in school. The Longitudinal survey tracked 15,000 students who had their fourteenth birthday in 2004. The research besides pointed out that 47 % of 14-year-olds, 41 % of 15-year-olds and 29 % of 16-year-olds reported being bullied. Disabled kids and kids with particular educational demands were besides found to be more likely marks. This coincides with other such research that shows SEN ki ds or kids with disablements are 2 to 3 times more likely to be bullied ( Smith, 2007 ) The Longitudinal survey besides showed that kids who reported being bullied went on to put to death on mean 2 GCSE classs lower so kids who were non bullied and were more likely to drop out of instruction at 16. This research is worrying and provides grounds of the damage effects strong-arming can hold.Effectss of Strong-armingStrong-arming can hold all kinds of effects on kids so it is of import that intimidation is tackled caput on. The DfEE provinces that The emotional hurt caused by strong-arming in whatever signifier be it racial, or as a consequence of a kid s visual aspect, behavior or particular educational demands, or related to sexual predilection, can prejudice school accomplishment, lead to lateness or hooky, and in utmost instances, terminal with self-destruction. ( DfEE, 1999 24-25 ) . Vernon Coaker the schools curate besides asserted at the event for Anti-Bullying Week that Bu llying, in any signifier, should non be tolerated. It can destruct lives and have a permanent impact on immature people s assurance, self-esteem and emotional development. Research has indicated that strong-arming can non merely consequence academic accomplishment, it has besides been linked with low self-prides, anxiousness, impaired concentration, hooky, depression and self-destructive ideas. Kidscape performed the first of all time study of grownups with the purpose of happening out if intimidation had any permanent effects. The study which was funded by the national lottery and proved that being staidly bullied as a kid had knock on affects. 46 % about half of the study population contemplated suicide compared with 7 % of those who were non bullied. Most of the grownups surveyed had small or no aid at the clip of the incidents.Undertaking school intimidationThe organisation in recent old ages has emphasised that undertaking the job of intimidation is a chief precedence of thei rs. The Government in 1999 said it was a legal duty for all schools to hold an anti intimidation insurance in topographical point. statute law places a responsibility on the caput instructor to follow out an anti intimidation insurance and provinces that schools must promote regard for others and forestall all signifiers of strong-arming among pupils.A Government counsel to boot states that the insurance policy should be reviewed yearly and that every member of the school community ( including kids, immature people, carers and parents ) should be involved in this reappraisal.Each school is in charge of planing their ain policy with the aid from Department for Children, tames and Families ( DCSF ) . The DCSF aid schools to plan stratagems and level-headed anti -bullying policy to secure strong-arming caput on. They do this by supplying really comprehensive counsel paperss and have regional advisors on manus who have expertise in this country to assist implement their counsel. Schools have a legal duty to guarantee steps are in topographic point to turn to intimidationHead instructors must implement a policy as a preventive step against strong-arming in conformity with the Human Rights Act 1998.The Standards & A Frame perishs Acts ( 1998 ) states that all schools are required by statute to hold an anti-bullying policy. Schools have statutory liability sing behaviors of students under the School Standards and Framework Act 1998 the caput teacher shall find steps to be taken with a position to aaa be promoting good behavior and regard for others on the portion of students and, in peculiar, forestalling all signifiers of strong-arming among students . bind 28 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child provinces that strong-arming policy should be in topographic point in each school and every kid should love what to make if they find them self in the state of affairs where they are being bullied.Section 175 of the Education Act 2002 provi nces what is required of the ordinance organic structures in relation to the well-being of the students in their school The regulating organic structure of a kept up school shall do agreements for guaranting that their maps associating to the behavior of the school are exercised with a position to safeguarding and advancing the public assistance of kids who are students at the school. The Education Act 2002 lays down out two purposes for the national course of study, whereby schools must do certain that it provides chances for all students to larn and accomplish and promotes the religious, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of students at the school and of society, and prepares students at the school for the chances, duties and experiences of ulterior life .The DfES handbill, Social Inclusion Pupil Support Circular lineations authorities outlooks and the legal responsibility of caput instructors with respect to strong-armingThe National Health School counselling as serts that it is necessary that schools have a policy and codification of pattern for undertaking intimidation, which is owned, understood and implemented by all members of the school community and includes contact with outer patronage bureaus .Under the Race Relations ( Amendment ) Act 2000 schools are required to advance race equality.Children s Act ( 2004 ) sets out five results that professionals should work towards. These are to Be Healthy Stay Safe Enjoy and achieve Make a positive part and Achieve economic wellbeing.Safe to Learn implanting anti-bullying work in schools is the new overarching anti-bullying counsel for schools which was introduced in September 2007. The safe to larn counsel includes advice on intimidation.In add-on to this Ofsted s model for inspecting schools provinces that inspectors must bar and give an history on the magnitude and grade of intimidation, racism and other signifiers of torment. They must besides describe on the schools prosperity at covering with strong-arming incidents and grimace at the schools dealingss with parents.Schools are non instantly responsible for strong-arming that takes topographic point outside of the educational scene but their anti-bullying policy should do it cognize that stairss are in consequence to react to such incidents. The Government publicised two anti-bullying counsel paperss on 15 April 2009. These paperss gave advice on how to undertake strong-arming outside of the schoolroom scene. Versions of the counsel paperss were besides for topical anesthetic governments, young person workers, college ply, drama workers, conveyance suppliers and kids s places.Despite all of this at that place is no jurisprudence which states that Scots schools must hold a specific anti-bullying policy. However there have been paperss such as Action Against Bullying distributed to Scottish schools in 1992 that recommend that they should implement a policy. Scots local governments have approved of this r ecommendation but it is nt truly plenty.Other available aidEqually good as the statute law and counsel paperss there are other avenues of sign and counsel. Schools for one can plight their commitment to undertaking intimidation by subscribing up to the Anti-bullying charter whereby there can self-assess their intimidation policy.An anti-bullying hebdomad is besides held every twelvemonth by the Anti-bullying Alliance The anti strong-arming Alliance was established in July 2002 by NSPCC and NCB, it has combined 68 administrations into one association. Their purpose is to cut down intimidation and make a safe environment for which kids can analyze. Anti strong-arming hebdomads purpose is to raise reason of intimidation and the issues that surround it. This twelvemonth s Anti-Bullying Week was focused on undertaking cyber-bullying. Sue Steel, National Manager of the Anti-Bullying Alliance, said on the 2009 anti-bullying hebdomad that It is really encouraging that the Government is m aking so much to do Anti-Bullying Week a existent success. We all need to work in partnership to guarantee kids, immature people and their parents are cognizant of the hazards of cyber intimidation and cognize how to forestall it There are besides assorted web sites to assist both parents and grownups such as the DirectGovA web site which has plentifulness of advice for immature people concerned about intimidation. Parentline Plus has a helpline for parents, provides support through the Be Someone to Tell web page and a web site for maternal(p) advice on covering with intimidation of their kid. A comprehensive careen of administrations that provide both aid and support refering intimidation is available in AnnexA I of the overarching Safe to larn counsel.Developing a completely-school attackThe whole school attack is recommended by the DfES and plants by prosecuting affecting the whole school community from students and instructors to staff, carers and parents. This attack works by affecting everyone and making a model that endorses shared beliefs and values that help to antagonize and cut down strong-arming efficaciously. The model sets out stairss to rede and pull off incidents of intimidation. The DfES recommends establishing this whole-school policy in four stages consciousness and audience, execution, monitoring and rating. The policy should take toEnsure that the whole school community understands strong-arming and what is meant by strong-arming.Make it apprehensible that strong-arming will non be accepted inside or outside of the school scene.Create an effectual system to cover with strong-arming incidents that enables kids to easy describe strong-arming happenings.Ensure that all incidents reported are investigated earnestly and the steps in topographic point are acted upon in response.That clear defined processs are in topographic point.Supply a doctrinal method of entering incidents that take topographic point this in bend can assist in measurin g and reexamining policy.Have a equal support programme in topographic point.Continually reappraisal processs and policy and maintain the whole school community informed of any alterations or revamps.Anti-bullying Policy nerve StudyIn my little instance survey I looked at 3 anti-bullying policy s for schools in the Surrey country. I would foremost wish to observe that out of the 5 web sites I viewed, two did non hold any anti-bullying policy online. Anti- intimidation policy should be readily available for the school community and should be online for easy entree for the whole school community. I will turn to the schools as A, B and C.School A had a really comprehensive Anti-bullying scheme in topographic point utilizing the whole school attack. It clearly defined anti-bullying process in topographic point for kids staff and parents utilizing headers such as counseling for kids . The Policy included an effectives system clearly saying each phase of process and utilizing the no b lasted attack. School A besides asserted that all incidents would be recorded and used in farther instances if needed. The usage of a equal support scheme was besides in topographic point which seems to add to the policies effectiveness as these systems have been found to be effectual in cut downing the negative effects of strong-arming for victims. This policy was said to hold been reviewed in 2009 and was to be reviewed on a regular terra firma which once more seemed first-class pattern. School A s policy was seemed precise and effectual utilizing the whole school community and in making so advancing a shared set of values and beliefs. The fact it is reviewed on a regular footing makes certainly the policy is fresh and effectual. This school besides had regular newssheets with any new updates on anti-bullying schemes or alterations in policy these were in bend clearly published online.School B s policy had a clear precise definition of strong-arming but nevertheless it was non ev ery bit comprehensive as School A. The policy did demo the process in topographic point and stated the support in topographic point for kids it nevertheless was aimed at staff and parents merely and did non affect the whole school community. The policy had clearly non been reviewed in some clip as it was dated May 2005 which is about 5 old ages ago and seemed outdated and forgotten. School C s policy was merely shocking it consisted of a paragraph about the definition of intimidation and a list of behavior codifications. It did advance a shared value on the expected codifications of behavior but no set clear procedure in topographic point for covering of strong-arming for staff, kids or parents.Is the authorities s scheme working?There is non much in the manner of research into this field and whether anti- intimidation policy is effectual or non. Bullying has decreased somewhat since the old twelvemonth which could be a contemplation of the alteration in authorities policy and pa ckaging of equal support but truly it is non a lessening in incidents. I conducted a little graduated table study of 8 teaching helpers and instructors in schools around the UK to happen out whether they felt the authorities were making plenty in relation to intimidation.U.KA authorities is making plenty for schools inA relation to strong-arming A How make you experience about this statement?A Strongly AgreeAA 0AA 0 % AA AgreeAA 1AA 8 % AA NeutralAA 2A17 % AA DisagreeAA 5A42 % AA Strongly DisagreeAA 0AA 0 % AThe consequences show that 42 % disagreed with the statement that the authorities was making plenty in relation to intimidation, 17 % were impersonal and 8 % agreed. This study merely indicates that people within the school context experience more can be done to halt intimidation. One participant even stated There are anti strong-arming plans in topographic point at schools but the kids frequently do non come frontward. The Government could work with the schools to do it easie r for kids to come frontward. Bullying UK S CEO, John Carnell was reported stating These figures are scandalous and show that the authorities and schools are merely non acquiring to grips with this job.Strong-arming UK was founded 10 old ages ago and the jobs we are seeing now are the same 1s we saw 10 old ages ago. Day in, twenty-four hours out, twelvemonth in, twelvemonth out, we are having precisely the same ailments from despairing parents and kids and it s a dirt that there is no authorities support for the critical work we do which we know saves self-destructive kids s lives. In the Childline instance notes one counselor asserts I do nt believe things have changed, and when you ask the kids whether there are anti-bullying policies the kids say yes, but it still makes you powerless. The frustrating thing is that we still receive so many calls about intimidation What can schools make to undertake intimidation?Research has proven that the whole school attack is the most effec tual scheme and recommended by the DfES. The whole school community should be involved in inventing and implementing an anti-bullying policy. It requires everyone to keep and recommend the criterions in the policy and act quickly when incidents occur. This attack promotes shared values and beliefs and enables a clear apprehension of the acceptable criterions of behavior. In Wales, Lambert, Scourfield, Smalley and Jones ( in imperativeness ) found a important association between lower degrees of intimidation, and students describing that the school had clear regulations on intimidation. The jurisprudence does province that behavior policy should be publicised to the school community one time a twelvemonth although truly it should be communicated a batch more so this to review heads.Research has indicated that merely holding an anti-bullying policy entirely is non plenty. In order for a policy to be effectual it needs to be expeditiously implemented, reviewed and evaluated invariably. As for case one survey found that school-wide policies decline in effectivity over a 2-3 twelvemonth period, subsequently which clip intimidation additions ( Sharp et al, 2002 ) . Smith states Bullying is an on-going job, so a one-off attempt over a term or a twelvemonth without law of continuation will hold small or no permanent impact ( Smith, 2004, p101 ) . Strong-arming policy should be reviewed on a regular basis and the whole school community should be involved in and notified of alterations.Children should hold a say in the policy as suggested by the DCSF. There are guidance paperss such as the Anti-Bullying Alliance resource Are you speaking to me? Young People s Engagement in Anti-Bullying. It is of import to prosecute kids and integrate their thoughts in the anti-bullying policy leting them to be an active portion of school life. There are a scope of suggested schoolroom activities to promote students to discourse anti-bullying policy. The Government has late made P SHE lessons commanding and these are a perfect platform for discoursing intimidation and anti-bullying policy.The demand is to hold a comprehensive anti-bullying policy and schemes in topographic point. Not every school has a policy that is comprehensive and covers the extended intimidation types. For illustration, Adams, Cox & A Dunstan ( 2004 ) reported that out of 19 schools surveyed in the UK none of them specifically mentioned sexual orientation in the anti-bullying policies.What can the authorities do to undertake intimidation?There are a scope of things the authorities can still make to undertake intimidation. A statuary responsibility should be made on schools and instruction governments in Scotland to hold anti-bullying policy in topographic point. Scots Schools are non legally obliged to hold any policy or scheme in topographic point to antagonize strong-arming. Wales should besides hold regional advisers like England to rede schools about the effectual schemes against strong-arming including best pattern and how to make all an effectual anti-bullying policy. The authorities should besides happen a manner of measuring anti-bullying policy in each school as holding this policy in topographic point does non intend it is being implemented decently or carried out in the School context.Finally consciousness should be raised on the newest signifiers of strong-arming such as cyber-bullying this should besides be reflected in relevant policy. PSHE lessons can assist raise this consciousness and I feel strong-arming should go a mandatory subject leting the school to discourse non merely strong-arming in general but their ain anti-bullying policy and pattern.DecisionAfter analyzing the research, articles, statistics and other information it does go evident intimidation has of all time so somewhat demised in the last few old ages but non truly plenty. This tells me that the authorities enterprises and policies have had a little consequence in cut downing int imidation. The large job with the anti-bullying policy is that each school has to invent the policy and implement it, which means the policy s effectivity can run dramatically between each school. If the authorities is to win at checking down on strong-arming importantly I feel it is necessary to make the research and implement the same effectual policy in each school. It may be utile for the Government to analyze taking states in the battle against strong-arming. The authorities besides needs to listen to the people that this job effects and happen out their positions on the policy that stands.

Doubt Is the Key to Knowledge

Doubt is the key to fellowship (Persian Proverb). To what extent is this true in 2 atomic number 18as of knowledge? Firstly, to understand fully the proverb, definitions should be given. Doubt is the mental status of being stuck between believing and disbelieving, involving uncertainty and distrust in a particular situation or issue or when in that location is need of hard induction and facts to support the alleged information, action, motive or decision.When you question a notion or you are open to inquisition or review of it, you are having doubt. Only when you digest find the justification for your doubt, nonpareil that satisfies whatever convinces you to think otherwise, then you will no longer have doubts. To have knowledge is like to have an explanation, understanding or reasoning to things in the world. Knowledge can be both personal and collective, and not all knowledge is a fact. The big bang speculation , the theory of relativity, and the string theory etc. rovid es us explanations and reasoning to why the world is the way it is. These theories are what we know precisely are not necessarily the fact we do not know if these theories are proper, save still knowing these theories count as our knowledge. Knowledge can come from our personal experience as well. This essay will seek to address the extent to which doubt is manifested as a key to knowledge regarding two areas of knowledge, Science and History.According to Academic Press Dictionary of Science & Technology, science is the systematic observation of natural events and conditions in order to discover facts about them and to formulate laws and principles ground on these facts and also the organized body of knowledge that is derived from such observations and that can be verified or tested by further investigation. There is a view that science is seen as provisional, which means that it is subjected to being falsified.In an ever-developing world were new discoveries are do all the ti me leading to new theories and realizations, older theories are always at the threat of being falsified. Even the new theories, the scientific community will vigorously doubt and criticize any ideas until enough evidence is produced to back them up. It is without ground to say that the basis of scientific growth is on inferred or even imagined hypotheses by scientist in an attempt to create or excuse something new or unexplained.Experiments are carried out and positive results can turn these hypotheses into theories and possibly knowledge, of course until they are doubted and contested against by new theories that explores the opposition of the theory in question. Throughout the history of Science, knowledge has been derived from the selfsame processes. In early Mesopotamian study, the land was believed to be a flat disk with a dome, until Ferdinand Magellan managed to prove that Earth was spherical after successfully circumnavigating the Earth in the 15th Century.Another example w ould be of the Italian physicist Galileo Galilei who, despite the endless controversy, criticism and denouncing made against him, proved phoney the long withheld notion of the geocentric view that the Earth was at the center of the Universe. Thus, it is evident that through the use of scientific theories, unless disproved otherwise, knowledge is updated and will remain as such through continual doubt. Hence we can see that as long as there is doubt, new things will be explored and old laws big businessman be disproved of although it is perceived as knowledge to everyone.Although doubt leads to more and more correct viewpoint of an issue, we can never be certain that what we think of as knowledge now is definitely the real truth and can never be disproved. However, with that being give tongue to, I believe that doubt and doubt alone cannot be the sole key to gain scientific knowledge, but continual doubt can actually leads to wasting of time and effort and worst is to eliminate th e correct fact that is suppose to be true which can lead to a regression of knowledge.Firstly, there are many theories in science that remain in the gray area that cannot be logically proven with our current knowledge, like for example the institution of black holes. No scientists have been successful in proving its existence. However, one of the many theories of the black hole might actually be true but as nobody can prove it so, scientists in the field whitethorn invest pointless effort into developing new theories instead of directing that effort into proving the theory, which is actually true. Also there are truths that can never be doubted or proven otherwise like the fact that the Earth orbits around the word.Thus, although doubt lends to the progress of science and hence knowledge, it also has limitations which might prove insalubrious to the growth of knowledge. The next issue is that of religion. Religion is a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and worldviews that relate humanity to spirituality and, sometimes, to moral values. According to New York time writer Peter Steinfels, published in July 19, 2008, religion is no longer like it was in the past when religious faith was pitch in everything plenty do, even for oubters. Nowadays it is almost inevitable that believers must live in a condition of doubt and uncertainty. We often think that there is no populate for doubt within faith, that doubt is weakness. Even worse, most conservative faiths regard doubt as something to be battled against because it is dangerous to ones faith. It can lead to heresy, doubting the existence of God, and, according to their belief, perhaps loss of salvation and eternal torture in the fires of Hell.Of course , it had been pointed out by religious thinkers a long time agone that being doubtful about a religion is not the opposite polar of the religion but it is actually the better way of having faith quite a than blind belief. Personally, although I am a devout Buddhist, many a time I have found myself doubting my knowledge religion. For example, I sometimes question whether there is such thing called karma or does everything just happen by chance and karma is just a way to scare believers into doing good workings for they fear of having to suffer the consequence afterwards.Ultimately there are people who are kind-hearted and yet still suffer every day. I found my answer not long ago about how it is related to another issue of reincarnation and bringing over karma. I did feel guilty of doubting Buddha and his words but then I learned that he said Do not accept any of my words on faith, Believing them just because I said them. Be like an analyst buying gold, who cuts, burns, And critically examines his product for authenticity. Only accept what passes the test By proving useful and beneficial in your life.The Buddha (Jnanasara-samuccaya) Doutb, to Buddha is demand because there is no point in following a religion blindly. Accor ding to the Buddha, religion should be left to ones own free choice. Religion is not a law, but a disciplinary code which should be followed with understanding. Thats why the Buddha told his disciples not to blindly follow his teachings but test them and verify them through their own experience like a goldsmith tests the purity of gold. However sometimes fir belief in the spiritual side of things can be necessary or at least comforting.In the book The Age of Doubt Tracing the Roots of Our Religious Uncertainty, an example of a 20-year-old boy was given. He is of an winsome and intellectual appearance, but hes soon beset with existential and religiously-inflected questions, tied to his faith, that he feels compelled to ask his doctor What am I? What are all these things that are made like me? Why am I? . Why am I? is perhaps the most remarkable of these questions, with religion offering an answer more overconfident and comforting than science perhaps ever could.But as his doctor explains, the patient finds no comfort in theology. He is in one sense hang up between two options, greater faith and firmer uncertainty, yet neither strikes him as possible or appealing. Ultimately religions are spiritual havens that most followers lay claim refuge in and by constantly doubt its truth, it defeats the purpose of having religions as people are always have this insecurity that what they are doing, adhering to may not do any good to them despite what their religions says.In conclusion, due to the broadness and ambiguity of the knowledge areas of Science and History, it is impossible to accurately evaluate doubt and its ability to present itself as the key to attaining knowledge. Nonetheless, through careful study and research on these various areas of knowledge, this essay presents the stand that doubt, to a large extent, is an indispensable and important ingredient as the key to knowledge. 1505 words - 2 . Sharpe, Alfred. Doubt. The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 5 ( New York Robert Appleton). Retrieved 2008-10-21. 3 . http//blogs. yis. ac. jp/13hwangj/2011/09/05/definition-of-knowledge/ 4 . http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Religioncite_note-0 5 . http//www. nytimes. com/2008/07/19/us/19beliefs. html 6 . http//viewonbuddhism. org/dharma. html 7 . http//www. budsas. org/ebud/whatbudbeliev/277. htm

Animal Cruelty Analysis

Animal Cruelty Shawn Brinkley Devry University Animal Cruelty Animal unmercifulness is something we hear about every day on the television from all the different shows. We think we understand the whole concept in which some iodine buttocks be like that to an wildcat. The type of person that treats a animate being like an object instead of a living breathing thing on this background is someone that has certain issues that we all can not truly explain. Animal cruelty what is animal cruelty? Is it cruelty to animals at any point, or is it to a greater extent everywhere for self-glorification? There be many forms of animal cruelty.Most chaffer animal cruelty as a intentional hatred or violence towards animals in which the animals birth for no known reason other than possible self-satisfaction or glorification of the individual. While some people only think of animal cruelty in the confines of domestic animals e. g. dogs, cats, and other household pets, it extends far beyond that. Cruelty to animals, also known as animal ill-use or animal neglect consists of inflictions of suffering or harm upon animals of the non-human type. Animal abuse can be narrowed down to specific gain, such as killing animals for pabulum or for their fur.The term animal cruelty often arises when opinions differ in respect to the method of slaughter of the animal. Certain cruelty to animals encompasses inflicting harm for personal diversion or to fulfill zoo sadistic impulses, such as inflicting physical harm that can leave the animal disfigured. In looking into animal abuse or animal neglect you may find two different counsellings to approach the issue. Looking into this further, animal welf atomic number 18 has a position that in that location is postcode inherently wrong with using animals for human purposes, such as food, clothing, entertainment, and research.Although this does mean these things have to be done in a humane way to minimize unnecessary pain and suffering to the animals themselves. Animal theorist have also criticized that these reason can be argued by the words such as unnecessary and Humane being that they are widely differing interpretations. One argument is to insure protection for animals by making them not to be considered as post and never used as commodities as well. The legal side of this is that the law is designed to prevent the needless cruelty to animals, like killing the animals for fun instead of utilizing the animal for food.Specific countries may frown upon certain animals being used as a source of food having instated in the laws that the cruelty of this is something that will be looked over and not enforced. As a country does not enforce their own laws on the cruelty of the animals this leaves the wide variety of cruelty being looked at closely. to a greater extent countries jurisdictions vary nigh the world having enacted statutes for which forbidden cruelty to some animals may vary and in some cases by the us e or practices. There are many reasons individuals abuse animals, cruelty to animals covers a wide range of actions or the lack of action.As we learn about the animal abuse in the world we see certain patterns of behavior employed by most abusers. When we look into animal cruelty it is often broken down into two main categories active and unresisting cruelty, this is also referred to as commission and omission. Passive cruelty is in which the cruelty is a lack of action rather than the action itself. Such examples are when a person does not feed the animal (starvation, dehydration and parasite infestations). Other forms are allowing a collar to grow in the skin of the animal because of over tightening and heavy restraints.Inadequate shelter is another where in by the animal isnt given shelter in extreme weather conditions. Active cruelty is where vixenish intent is the driving force behind causing harm to animals. Examples of this are when the animal is hurt in any way for no reas on such as, beating a dog so hard that they cant walk for barking, shooting animals for fun instead of game or sport, and throwing a cat off a bridge to see if they can always land on their feet. These examples are active cruelty for the reason of plain enjoyment of the person conducting them.Long before animals became decompose of the corporate industrial process, the ethics of the animals came first with the husbandry which is the care of the animals. This was the whole interest of the farmers they believed this was a major part in the raising of the animals. Animals were raised on diverse farms that produced crops and several species of animals having access to open pasture and barnyard when weather permits. Husbandry was considered the responsibility of the producers now that this has all changed the conditions have become considerably worse. According to one poll conducted by Oklahoma StateUniversity and the American Farm Bureau Federation found that 75% of the public would li ke to see government mandates for basic animal welfare measures. (http//www. closeanimalfactories. org/the-issues/animal-cruelty/) Chickens are one of the top leading animals that are miss- enured. Hens sometimes live in a cage that is now bigger than a woodworking plane of paper, causing them to grow into the wires of the cage and slowly dying from dehydration. These kinds of farms breed the birds for only one purpose. Other farms consist of thousands of hens breed honest for laying eggs and nothing more. In the United States, an estimated 95% of egg-laying hens are intensively confined in battery cages. (United Egg Producers. (2008 Edition published 2003). Inside these cages they keep 5 to 6 birds in, but sometime they go too far and keep up to 10 birds. These cages are simply larger in size, but are make from the same material as the cages the size of a sheet of paper. The number of birds that are used like this will astound most Americans. As of declination 2008, about 300 m illion birds are confined in battery, almost one for every U. S. citizens. (USDA National Agriculture Statistics Service. (2008).Pigs are another animal that is cover in the animal cruelty world very widely. The pig farms out thither have many pigs that are breed just to breed or only live for a few months before they are slaughtered. Pigs have been used for testing on the side for their skin, because they have the closes skin type to piece this brings on the many test. Pig farms have become larger because of the slow push out of the smaller farms. Since the factory systems took hold in the late 1960s, more and more pigs have been produced by increasingly larger operations where small pig farms start to disappear. (National Hog Farmer, 15 Feb. 002) Pigs are being used like they are machines instead of animals. Certain farms believe that they are just there for one purpose. Some farmers have stated this Forget the pig is an animal. Treat him just like a machine in a factory. Sched ule treatments like you would lubrication. Breeding season like the first misuse in a prevarication line. And marketing like the delivery of finished goods. (Hog Farm Management Sept 1976). Throughout the nation there millions of pigs being used in these farms and live these kinds of live. Pigs in farms today are pumped with antibiotics because of the many different types of disease that are showing up. In the U. S. , antibiotics are added to 90% of starter feeds, 75% of grower feeds and more than half of finishing feeds for pigs (Keep Antibiotics Working Dec. 2003). The reason behind this because of the pigs being packed in cages that barely fit them. Two-thirds of all pigs produced in the United States, or around fifty-three million animals a year, spend their lives in a total confinement pig farm. (Hog Farm Management Sept 1976). Animals being treat as a product is becoming more and more profound. These animals being treated as factories or just machines is something we as a society address on the behalf of the animals themselves.Animals have been around for millions of years and yes we as humans do depend on them for survival, but we need to understand that many animals are being harmed for this. Animals are used for something every day of our lives from being something we eat, something that we cherish, something we make money from. Animals have made a difference in our live even if we dont know it. The cruelty to animals is becoming an epidemic across the United States from the smaller animals of bird, dog, cats, and exotic animals.The larger animals are becoming the main source of the cruelty from the chickens, up to the elephants in the circuses. Throughout the nation we have organizations that are willing to stand up for the animals and fight for them as well. The Humane society, PETA, and the animal activist out there are willing to step up to the defense of the animals themselves. PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) is an organiz ation that believes that animals have rights just as humans. These rights fight for the animals to not be treated in humane in any way that a human would not be treated as well.In conclusion, animal cruelty is a problem not only in our country but throughout the world. Simple reasons may have cause the cruelty and maybe they are caused by poisonous intent of a person. Animal cruelty is something that can be addressed and stop throughout the world if we as people are will to step in. The steps needed to stop animal cruelty are slowly taking effect, from the interaction of law into the farms, to the government shutting down the larger performance companies. Reference The Center to Exposed & Close Animal Factories 2010 http//www. closeanimalfactories. rg/the-issues/animal-cruelty/ United Egg Producers. (2008 Edition published 2003). United Egg Producers Animal Husbandry Guidelines For U. S. Egg move Flocks. Retrieved November 15, 2008. Page 1, paragraph 6. USDA National Agriculture Statistics Service. (2008). Chickens and Eggs. Retrieved December 16, 2008. page 1. Joe Vansickle, Quality Assurance Program Launched, National Hog Farmer, 15 Feb. 2002 http//www. animalsuffering. com/resources/facts/factory-farming. php J. Byrnes Raising Pigs by the Calendar at Maplewood Farm Hog Farm Management Sept 1976

Agroforestry Research Essay

Agroforestry is an integrated approach of using the interactive benefits from combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock. It combines boorish and forestry technologies to create more diverse, productive, profitable, healthy, and sustainable land-use systems.1 A narrow definition of agroforestry is trees on farms.As a scienceThe theoretical base for agroforestry returns from ecology, via agroecology.3 From this perspective, agroforestry is one of the three principal land-use sciences. The other two are floriculture and forestry.4 The efficiency of p calefactoryosynthesis drops off with increasing light intensity, and the rate of photosynthesis hardly increases once the light intensity is everyplace about one tenth that of direct bash sun. This means that plants under trees feces still grow well even though they get less light. By having more than one level of vegetation, it is practical to get more photosynthesis than with a single layer. Agroforestry has a lot in c ommon with intercropping. Both hold up two or more plant species (such as north-fixing plants) in close interaction, both provide multiple outputs, as a consequence, higher overall yields and, because a single application or input is shared, cost are reduced. Beyond these, there are gains specific to agroforestry.BenefitsFurther information EcoscapingAgroforestry systems can be advantageous over conventional agricultural and forest output methods. They can offer increased productivity, economic benefits, and more diversity in the ecological goods and services provided.5 Biodiversity in agroforestry systems is typically higher than in conventional agricultural systems. With two or more interacting plant species in a given land area, it creates a more complex habitat that can second a wider variety of birds, insects, and other animals. Depending upon the application, potential impacts of agroforestry can implicate Reducing poverty through increased production of wood and other t ree products for home use and sale Contributing to food security by restoring the soil fertility for food crops Cleaner water through reduced nutrient and soil overflowCountering global warming and the risk of hunger by increasing the number of drought- disgustful trees and the subsequent production of fruits, nuts and edible oils Reducing deforestation and pressure on woodlands by providing farm-grown fuelwood Reducing or eliminating the need for toxic chemicals (insecticides, herbicides, etc.) Through more diverse farm outputs, improved human nutrition In situations where pot have limited access to mainstream medicines, providing growing space for medicinal plants Agroforestry practices may also realize a number of other associated environmental goals, such as atomic number 6 sequestrationOdour, dust, and noise reductionGreen space and visual aestheticsEnhancement or maintenance of wildlife habitatAdaptation to Climate Change at that place is some evidence that, especially in r ecent years, poor smallholder farmers are turning to agroforestry as a mean to adapt to the impacts of climate change. A plain from the CGIAR research program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) found from a survey of over 700 households in East Africa that at least(prenominal) 50% of those households had begun planting trees on their farms in a change from their practices 10 years ago.6 The trees ameliorate the effects of climate change by helping to alter erosion, improving water and soil quality and providing yields of fruit, tea, coffee, oil, fodder and medicinal products in addition to their usual harvest. Agroforestry was one of the most widely adopted adaptation strategies in the study, on with the use of improved crop varieties and intercropping.6ApplicationsAgroforestry represents a wide diversity in application and in practice. One listing includes over 40 unequivocal uses.3 The 40 or so applications can be roughly classified under a few broad hea dings. There are visual similarities betwixt practices in different categories. This is expected as categorization is based around the problems addressed (countering winds, high rainfall, nocent insects, etc.) and the overall economic constraints and objectives (labor and other inputs costs, yield requirements, etc.). The categories include ParklandsShade systemsCrop-over-tree systemsAlley croppingStrip croppingFauna-based systemsBoundary systemsTaungyasPhysical support systemsAgroforests.ParklandParklands are visually defined by the presence of trees widely scattered over a large agricultural plot or pasture. The trees are usually of a single species with clear regional favorites. Among the benefits, the trees offer shade to grazing animals, comfort crops against strong wind bursts, provide tree prunings for firewood, and are a roost for insect or rodent-eating birds. There are other gains. Research with Faidherbia albida in Zambia showed that be on trees can sustain gamboge y ields of 4.1 tonnes per hectare compared to 1.3 tonnes per hectare without these trees. Unlike other trees, Faidherbia sheds its nitrogen-rich leaves during the rainy crop growing season so it does not compete with the crop for light, nutrients and water. The leaves then get during the dry season and provide land cover and shade for crops.7Shade systemsWith shade applications, crops are purposely raised under tree canopies and within the resulting sable environment. For most uses, the understory crops are shade tolerant or the overstory trees have fairly open canopies. A conspicuous example is shade-grown coffee. This practice reduces weeding costs and increases the quality and essay of the coffee.89Crop-over-tree systemsNot commonly encountered, crop-over-tree systems employ woody perennials in the role of a cover crop. For this, small shrubs or trees pruned to near ground level are employ. The purpose, as with any cover crop, is to increase in-soil nutrients and/or to reduce s oil erosion.Alley croppingWith track cropping, crop strips alternate with rows of closely spaced tree or shelve species. Normally, the trees are pruned before planting the crop. The cut leafy material is spread over the crop area to provide nutrients for the crop. In addition to nutrients, the hedges serve as windbreaks and eliminate soil erosion. Alley cropping has been shown to be advantagous in Africa, particularly in relation to improving maize yields in the sub-Saharan region. Use here relies upon the nitrogen fixing tree species Sesbania sesban, Tephrosia vogelii, Gliricidia sepium and Faidherbia albida. In one example, a ten-year experiment in Malawi showed that, by using fertilizer trees such as Tephrosia vogelii and Gliricidia sepium, maize yields averaged 3.7 tonnes per hectare as compared to one tonne per hectare in plots without fertilizer trees or mineral fertilizer.10Strip croppingStrip cropping is similar to alley cropping in that trees alternate with crops. The dif ference is that, with alley cropping, the trees are in single row. With strip cropping, the trees or shrubs are planted in wide strip. The purpose can be, as with alley cropping, to provide nutrients, in leaf form, to the crop. With strip cropping, the trees can have a purely productive role, providing fruits, nuts, etc. while, at the same time, protecting nearby crops from soil erosion and harmful winds.Fauna-based systemsSilvopasture over the years (Australia).There are situations where trees benefit fauna. The most common examples are the silvopasture where cattle, goats, or sheep browse on grasses grown under trees.11 In hot climates, the animals are less stressed and put on weight faster when grazing in a cooler, shaded environment. Other variations have these animals directly eating the leaves of trees or shrubs. There are similar systems for other types of fauna. Deer and hogs gain when living and feeding in a forest ecosystem, especially when the tree forage suits their die tetic needs. Another variation, aquaforestry, is where trees shade fish ponds. In many cases, the fish eat the leaves or fruit from the trees.Boundary systemsA riparian buffer bordering a river in Iowa.The are a number of applications that fall under the heading of a boundary system. These include the living fences, the riparian buffer, and windbreaks. A living fence can be a thick hedge or fencing wire strung on living trees. In addition to restricting the movement of people and animals, living fences offer habitat to insect-eating birds and, in the case of a boundary hedge, slow soil erosion. Riparian buffers are strips of permanent vegetation located along or near active watercourses or in ditches where water runoff concentrates. The purpose is to keep nutrients and soil from contaminating surface water. Windbreaks reduce the velocity of the winds over and around crops. This increases yields through reduced drying of the crop and/or by preventing the crop from toppling in strong wind gusts.TaungyasTaungya is a system originating in Burma. In the sign stages of an orchard or tree plantation, the trees are small and widely spaced. The free space between the newly planted trees can accommodate a seasonal crop. Instead of costly weeding, the underutilized area provides an additional output and income. More complex taungyas use the between-tree space for a series of crops. The crops become more shade resistant as the tree canopies grow and the amount of sunlight reaching the ground declines. If a plantation is thinned in the latter stages, this opens further the between-tree cropping opportunities.Physical support systemsIn the long history of agriculture, trellises are comparatively recent. Before this, grapes and other vine crops were raised atop pruned trees. Variations of the physical support theme depend upon the type of vine. The advantages come through greater in-field biodiversity. In many cases, the control of weeds, diseases, and insect pests are a p rimary motive.AgroforestsThese are widely found in the humid tropics and are referenced by different names (forest gardening, forest farming, tropical home gardens and, where short-statured trees or shrubs dominate, shrub gardens). Agroforests, in many ways, epitomize agroforestry. Through a complex, disarrayed mix of trees, shrubs, vines, and seasonal crops, these systems, through their high levels of biodiversity, achieve the ecological dynamics of a forest ecosystem. Because of the internal ecology, they tend to be less amenable to harmful insects, plant diseases, drought, and wind damage. Although they can be high yielding, complex systems tend to produce a large number of outputs. These are not utilized when a large volume of a single crop or output is required.

American Government: 21st Amendment

The twenty first article of amendment to the U. S. Constitution was the result of public disagreement to constitutional amendments, plot of ground the Supreme homage had played the role of subject matter mediator. The dry shadows of the 18th Amendment began to fade reveal with the coming of the Great Depression, as, the alcohol consumption was reduced, but not erased, and, at the same time, bootlegging had reached its peak. The depicted object prohibition of alcohol has endured for only 14 years and was, finally, ratified by the legislators and 36 states on celestial latitude 5, 1933.The 21st Amendment has framed sale and manufacture of grain alcohol within the state, excluding transportation and importation of liquors. The tale of the U. S. court notes three cases, involving the 21st amendment though, none of them was clearly based on the article. Craig v. Boren (No. 75-628) was the appeal from the join States govern court for the Western district of Oklahoma. Appellant Craig claimed that a statute of Oklahoma stood for discrimination based on sexuality, prohibiting the sale of nonintoxicating 3. 2% beer to males under the age of 21 and to females under the age of 18 (1976 US, 429 U.S. 190, I). Appellant bleach took a side of equal protection challenge, because, as a licensed vendor of grain alcohol, she could discontinue her business or pay high penalties if she obeys or disobeys the statute of the state accordingly. To support the claim, appellants provided statistical data, proving that 18-20-year males ar more likely to be arrested for drunk driving, be killed, injured, and inclined to drinking than females of the same age. Males were prohibited to leverage intoxicating liquors, yet, were allowed (anything that is not prohibited, is allowed) to drink them.The data showed that public safety had to be protected from such incidents and crashes. reason out all stated above, Craig highlighted the violation of the refer Protection Clause and was see king for resolution of such a controversy. On the opposite hand, Boren, the governor of Oklahoma, rendered statistics, which showed only that . 18% of females and 2% of males in the 18-20-year-old age group were arrested for American Government 21st Amendment Page2driving while under the influence of liquor (1976 US, 429 U. S. 190, II C). In such a way, the appellants data claimed to be invalid. Boren had not put aside the Craigs statistical evidence yet, rated it as insufficient in determining the key factors of traffic safety The statistics exhibit a variety of other shortcomings that seriously impugn their value to equal protection analysis and make no effort to relate findings to age-sex differential (1976 US, 429 U.S. 190, II C). For that reason, the results can hardly prove the ratio between gender/age and drinking/driving. The decision of the court was as follows the difference between males and females of 18-20-year period had violated the Equal Protection Clause and, ther efore, discriminated males by Oklahomas 3. 2% beer statutory scheme. Finally, the judgment of the District Court was reversed. The 21st Amendment bound the operation of the Commerce Clause.The court assumed that the Twenty-first amendment strengthened the States police powers with respect to alcohol regulation (1976 US, 429 U. S. 190, II D). Nevertheless, Oklahomas discrimination against males violated the fourteenth Amendment, while the text of the 21st one had nothing to deal with individual rights of US citizens. While intimately of Americans followed the dry law, the activists of individual freedom were weaving the threads of nationwide hazard, coming from followers of moral values.On the other hand, bootleggers knocked a fortune during the Prohibition and governments could not lose the chance to increase public revenues. The 21st Amendment had give a safe and structured marketplace for US citizens and empowered states to regulate sale of alcohol, but legalized a widespread al cohol production, distribution and consumption within the states.However, the states legislative and regulatory authority, attached by the 21st Amendment to the US Constitution, is a core factor of alcohol control and retailing. Bibliography 1. The Constitution of the United States, Amendment 21. 2. U. S. Supreme Court. Craig v. Boren, 429 U. S. 190, 1970. Online. The Oklahoma State Courts Network. Internet. 15 March, 2007. Available http//www. oscn. net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument. asp? CiteID=430201

Problem Analysis Contract Law

An adduce must be firm and demonstrate clear intent, whereas an acceptance must accept the term of the bear unqualifiedly. It should be noned that in the usual case, communication of acceptance and consideration are also necessity to constitute a valid acceptance. If all elements are found to exist, the contract go forth be complete, and Lain will be bound to fulfill his promise. Offer The first issue to address is whether an offer exists. Lain would presumably compete that his statement was merely a puff and lacked intention to be acted upon as he announced it impulsively under the influence of alcohol, and the offer does not give him any benefit.This is, however, a weak argument. The general order is that the intention of the parties should be assessed objectively, as in Smith v Hughes (1871) LORD 6 CB 597 where Blackburn stated that the promises allot should be considered in a way that appears to a reasonable man. The phrase would pay El 0,000 exhibits two receivedty an d intention, because it has stated the exact amount of rejoin and the wordings shows immediate readiness to be bound. His claim is peculiarly convincing given his wealth. A reasonable man would in that locationfore believe that Lain did intend to pay the quit if the stated condition was fulfilled.Similar to Williams v Cowardice (1833) 5 Car & P 566, in that respect is only a promise made by one party. Lanais statement appears to represent a unilateral offer that would be converted into a binding contract once the required act has been performed. This would be further discussed in the following. Acceptance In unilateral contracts, performance of the stipulated act constitutes the acceptance of offer (Cargill v carbonic stinkpot gall co. 1893 1 CB 256 (CA)). Both bunchs fool performed the act of cross the finish line ahead of Lanais yacht.However, it is highlighted that the original case differs from Cargill v Carbonic Smoke Ball Co. In that it is arguable whether or not any one who has established the performance can claim the reward. On one hand, it can be said that since Lanais offer does not state any conditions, crossing the finishing line is sufficient in itself. This argument is, however, suggesting that any random yacht that happens to cross the finish line by incident is also entitled to the reward, which makes little sense. The coquette is more likely to accept that only qualified competitors who crossed the knish line ahead of Lanais yacht should be considered.This is indeed supported by the fact that the crew of Moon Amour joined the competition upon versed the offer. It shows that the offered also understands that being a qualified competitor is a prerequisite. By entering the race, both crews have agreed to the Race Rules and therefore, they should be bound by such rules. In Clarke v Dungaree 1 897 AC 59, the court stated that when the party understands that the race is to be run under a particular treated of regulations, and that he deliberately enter for the race upon those terms, he is bound by such rules.Whilst the crew of ships bell Raider, being a qualified competitor, had fulfilled the conditions of Lanais offer, since the French crew was not officially recognized by the race officials due to a b clench of the Race Rules, it can hardly be said that the latter(prenominal) has validly accepted Lanais offer. Communication of acceptance Whilst communication of acceptance is needed in the usual case, in unilateral contract, the offer showed by his language and from the nature of the contract that he waived the need to communicate (Cargill v Carbonic Smoke Ball Co. ).Whether Lain received notice of the performance is irrelevant to the matter at hand. musing The agreement has to be supported by consideration in a legally enforceable contract. To locate if there is consideration, it brings up the debate of whether reliance is subjective. Lord Dunedin, in Dunlop Pneumatic Tree Co. Ltd v Selfridges & Co. Ltd 191 5 AC 847, 855 defined consideration as an act or forbearance of one party, or the promise thereof, is the value for which the promise of the other is brought, and the promise thus given for value is enforceable.Following his definition, obviously, both crews act Of crossing the finish line, in return for the reward, is treated as good consideration. The answer would be less certain if reliance is required. In the book The Law of Contract, Triple asserts that an act or forbearance would not be consideration where the promises would have accomplished the act or forbearance anyway. This view was supported by R v Clarke (1927) 40 CLC 227, where the court held that the claimant could not recover the reward because his concern was not the reward when he gave the information.In other words, the claimant had not act in reliance upon the offer. It is a matter of debate if this overabundant view is in fact erroneous, as argued by Paul Mitchell and John Philips in Is reliance essential? , b ut this is not the current concern. Assuming that this general view is still correct, the French crews acceptance was all the way motivated by the offer as they did not intend to participate in the race until Lain s announcement. But in the case of Bell Raider, there is insufficient information to tell if their crew did act in reliance to the offer.There may be three different situations depends on the facts. Firstly, if the situation is like to that of the French crew, they act in reliance to the offer for the same reason. Secondly, if evidence shows that Bell Raider will join and win the match even without Lanais offer, their performance cannot be regarded as consideration as there is no reliance. Thirdly, if Bell Raider will join the match but not necessarily reach the destination ahead of Lanais yacht, it can still be argued that the reward motivated the crew to outperform themselves and thus, there is reliance.

Fast food †Ice cream Essay

Almost everyone enjoys to feeding degraded forage because it is cheap. Many people these days prefer to flow food that makes their food tumultuous and also they do not get to to spend more than five dollars. This nation is surrounded with fast food restaurants and at that berth is no one counseling people can miss one passel their street and in every m wholly. I work at the mall and I tend to work through fast food since it is the only thing near me. My three preferred fast food restaurants which be Wendys, Dairy Queen and Steak n- Shake.One of my favorite(a) fast food restaurants is Wendys. When I was in high instill at the beginning of my senior year I worked at Wendys and of course I eat their food since I had a fifty percent discount so the food was really cheap. I always craved the spicy chicken nuggets with sweet and sour dipping sauce. Ever since I worked there I know how each dipping sauce taste when I always ordered the spicy chicken nuggets. I love the honey , barbeque, honey mustard, ranch and of course my favorite sweet and sour sauce.I also love how my manager prepared the sweet tea because it was not too sweet and actually tasted like homemade sweet tea. I am a fanatic of sweet tea and pretty much have tried it at every fast food restaurant I have eaten at. in addition I love to enjoy my combos with a dessert. I usually get a small chocolate frosty. I love the taste of it because it reminds me of chocolate milk. Also because it is very creamy and sweet this is a great conclave for dessert. These are all the many favorite things I love to eat at Wendys.My second favorite fast food restaurant is Dairy Queen. They have the best desserts there such as the blizzards, the sundaes, banana tree splits, their famous waffle cone ice rink creams and the DQ ice cream sandwich. I always tend to eat the ice cream cones because I do not have to spend that much money the cones address one dollar depending on the size. When I am at my aunt apart ments my cousins and I always locomote to Dairy Queen since it is not too far from the apartment just three to five proceeding walking. We go there everytime when we are hungry or we just go there to talk and eat some food. It also provides free internet which is great to check Facebook or our emails. Also it has a great video game player for when we bring our little sister and cousins so they leave behind not get bored. Another reason I love eating at dairy big businessman is their chilli cheese fried burritos. They are so delicious and downhearted especially when they put the chili all over it and sprinkle some shredded cheddar cheese. I love to eat at Dairy Queen. My third favorite fast food restaurant is Steak-n-Shake.I always wish mesquite had one but they do not so I have to drive all the way to Rockwall to go to Steak-n-Shake which is 20 to 30 minutes from my home. I love it there especially there juicy Cheddar Cheese Steak Burger combo which is good money spent because it is only $4. 99. I love how the food is very affordable and of great quality. I also love to get their famous milkshakes. My all-time favorite is the chocolate chip cookie dough. It has chunks of cookie dough mixed with tasty creamy vanilla ice cream.This fast food restaurant is not like not ordinary fast food place because it provides waiters and it provides amazing fast food service. It usually takes 5 to 10 minutes to have my food hit which overall is great. I never get tired of going to Steak-n-Shake because of its great quality of food and service. extravagant food may not be good for us at times but it is delicious. every last(predicate) three of these fast food restaurants Wendys, Dairy Queen, and Steak-n-Shake are my favorite because reasons I enjoy eating their food. They all provide great quality of food, fast service and cheap prices. I enjoy these fast food restaurants.