Design and Technology (D&T) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Design and Technology (D&T) - Essay ExampleStenhouse (Cited in Armitage, 195) argues that class to many in compulsory education, is understood to be the government planned intentions, or prescribed intend learning outcomes This definition lends itself to the planning of specific learning targets which can be translated into specific learning outcomes for unmarriedistic lessons. However this process is not inclusive, as it does not maximise the possible of immediate bookman feedback, and because reduces the level of learner participation in the learning process. The aims of this study atomic number 18 therefore focused upon the potential role learner feedback or evaluation can play in developing platform, facilitating greater learner participation and ownership.The role of Design and Technology in schools on England is evolving. These changes were announced in the Government ballpark Paper 14-19 Extending Opportunities Raising Standards (DfES, 2002), which argued that educatio n and instruction of 14-19-year-olds should be delivered by a more flexible curriculum with a broad range of options. Beginning in September 2002, Design and Technology was no lengthy a compulsory school subject from age 14 the age which marks the end of fundamental Stage 3 of the National syllabus in England. Students will have a statutory entitlement at KS4 to opt to study D&T subjects, but in addition more freedom within what was prize as a very crowded curriculum to select other subjects of their choice. These changes along with the introduction of group discussion tables have had a considerable impact on D&T provision in unessential schools. Hirst (1974 p 110) argues that the wider context of education is affected by the motivations of society the advent of league tables has evoked increasingly belligerent organisations and teachers, along with an increased organisations and teachers, along with an increased orientation towards accountability both on an organizational an d individual level. Design and Technology was introduced into the National Curriculum in England and Wales in 1990 (Under the Technology in the National Curriculum Statutory Order, DES and Welsh Office, 1990). Some suggest that this was a response by the government to the splendor of technology to the British economy at that time (Layton, 1995). However, most agree that little research order existed before the introduction of D&T into the curriculum, on which to base these decisions (DES/Welsh Office, 1988. Section 1.15. Kimbell, Stables &Green, 1996, 17. Penfold, 1988, 5 Shield, 1996, 10).This is also reflected upon the curriculum of the day that was viewed as being crop orientated (Bobbitt 1918, 42 1928. and Tyler, 1949, 89). The underpinning theme being that learners were taught what people mandatory to know in order to work (Bobbitt, 1918. 42) this orientation towards knowledge focused upon achieving competences. Today still some unimaginative elements of D&T are and will re main competence or skills focused, and therefore influenced by product orientated curriculum of the 1990s. These elements of the D&T curriculum include the correct and safe used of tools and equipment, which are also assessed competences at GCSE level. Nevertheless, its associated distinctive model of teaching and learning had been evolving over the years (Kimbell and Perry, 2001 Penfold 1988, 23). It is claimed that England and Wales were the first

Divorce as a Social Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

disjoint as a Social Issue - Essay Exampler, the belief in religion and ethics or morality are diminishing at present be realize of the advancements in science and technology and changing bread and butter styles and life philosophies of people. Family concepts have less value in contemporary American society which motivates the people to miscellanea their husbands and wives just like changing their dresses. This paper briefly analyses the different dimensions of divorce and the major impacts it may cause to the society and family.Cruel treatment, Impotence, Inebriation, Adultery, Desertion etc were the major reasons for divorce in America during seventeenth century. But in twentieth century, the reasons for divorce changed a lot. Loss of sanity, Instances of incompatibility and Long term separations were the reasons of divorce during the initial half of the twentieth century. However, the reasons of divorce kept on changing and during the latter half of the twentieth century att ach in the earning potential of women, more social acceptance of divorce, an enhancement in the pursuit of joy (i.e. the possibility to locate a better partner) and the presence of no fault laws were the motivating factor for divorce (History of Divorce in America).The above facts clearly show that the reasons for divorce during ancient centuries were biological or behavioral and more genuine when we consider the reasons for divorce in the present century. Divorce laws were tougher earlier compared to that of the circulating(prenominal) divorce laws which oblige people to think astir(predicate) a divorce only in the extreme cases. However, most of the current divorces are taking place because of silly reasons. Even the husband and wife do not whap the exact reasons for their divorce. According to Winchester & Beyer (2001) during and after divorce, many parents feel guilty and confused (Winchester & Beyer, p.47). This because of their lack of awareness about the reasons of thei r divorce and the possible consequences divorce can cause in their future life.Around

The Psychological Challenges of Oppressed Women Regarding Charlotte Research Paper

The Psychological Challenges of Oppressed Women Regarding Charlotte Perkins Gilman The yellow-bellied cover and Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House - Research Paper ExampleThe reputation, The Yellow Wallpaper deals with the horrible mental transition of a woman in order to show how the society imposed restrictions can mangle the psychological growth of women, whereas Ibsens play shows a womans struggle primarily to know with the patriarchys expectation from women and her choice to tread a more perilous path of life, that is degage of the patriarchal protection for women, in order to search for her own self. But these dickens authors have commonly vindicated that both parental and nuptial restrictions are detrimental to the harmonious psychological growth of women. That is, womens struggle for their own selves must challenge the so-called mannish-imposed norms, rules and regulations in the name of womens betterment. Yet the two texts have two different ends. In the conclusions while Gilmans heroine is found to become psychologically deranged, Ibsens heroine Nora chooses to seek for her identity defying the patriarchal protect in her hubbys house. II - Societys Attitude towards Womens Psychological illness in the 19th Century and its Influence on Gilmans Writing Both the Yellow Wallpaper and A Dolls House deal with the psychological challenges of women in the 19th century. ... Gilman shows that what Janes husband thought for her wellbeing ironically pushed towards the verge of madness and on the contrary, allowing Jane to walk on her own way could have saved her from her tragic end. Like Ibsen she also shows that the come in of women in a male dominated society is rather harmful for them, though ironically their male counterpart means such restriction for the betterment of the female. a. Early views of Mental Illness Gilmans story speaks more of the patriarchys attitudes towards womens mental illness, in the 19th century, which was considered to be the result of huge brainwork. Especially in womens case, brainstorming was thought to be more detrimental to womens psychology. thence women are commonly kept away from brainwork such as reading, writing, mass education, and from any other reason works. Indeed, the main line of the story The Yellow Wallpaper has greatly been shaped by a major(ip) event of Gilmans life, as Thrailkill says, The Yellow Wallpaper draws heavily on a particularly dire episode in Gilmans own life (67). In 1886 after the birth of her daughter, Gilman becomes a dupe of severe depression. In a book, The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman Gilman admits that her unbearable inner misery is worsened by her husbands presence. Her husband, Weir Mitchell, nervous specialist prescribed her rest cure or forced inactivity as her treatment that rather worsened her condition further (Gilman 79-82). All her condition was conveyed into the story The Yellow Wallpaper. b. Doctors and early treatment The fact, whether the 19th cent ury Doctors

INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING AND ADVERTISING Assignment

INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING AND ADVERTISING - Assignment Example packaging involves two way communications that occurs between the seller and the customer. Advertising involves the use of messages that flowerpot inform, persuade and actuate customers on the products been sold. Advertising and promotions has many techniques that nookie buoy be used to achieve the required goals. Different media dejection be used depending of the budget, marketing objectives and the target market. When iodin want to market a new pose automobile that is environmentally clean, there are many types of media that be used to advertise this model. People would desire to get hold of cars that are environmentally clean because the whole world is trying to reduce global warming. Therefore, coming up with a new car that has less effects on the environment will have to be marketed using the best ways. This hybrid car can be publicise using disparate media that will run into that deal topically and wo rldwide are aware of this car. Cars need to be denote globally since not all countries can manufacture cars. This hybrid car can be advertised locally using television. Television has always been one of the best ways for ads. This is because many people wish well watching television programs. However, to advertise this car, program that is loved by many people in the estate should be considered. This is because large race will be persuaded by the advert. The advert should during the short commercial breaks that go for place as the television program is taking place (Schmidt & Kess, 1986 pp.45). During this time, the manufacturer is able to reach the largest population who are watching the television channel. Despite the fact that the advert will be very expensive, it is a guarantee that very large population will aware of the car. The hybrid car can excessively be marketed through some motor shows. Many people normally attend motor shows. These people are always interested in the new cars that are in the current market. Therefore, manufacturer of the car should ensure that his or her model is featured during the motor show. Digital marketing can also be used to advertise this hybrid car. This involves the use of kind networks like Facebook, twitter, YouTube and blogs. Due to the fact that many social networks have very large world population that access them, this media can be best one in advertising the hybrid car. Pictures of this car should appear in these websites and the links to the original website of the car should be provided. This marketing can be expensive but it reaches very large population both locally and globally (Cairns, 2010 pp.23). To market a car like Mercedes, many types of media have to be used to ensure target market is reached. One of the media that can be used is the television. This media is appropriate because it ensures that large population is reach. Exhibitions can also be used to market this model. People interested in thi s car will surveil to enquire on some features of the car. Their interests of buying this car will rise after the exhibitions. This model can also be marketed through social media like designing its website, use of Facebook and YouTube. The manufacture will be sure that very large population will be reached. This increases marketing of this car brand (Cairns, 2010 pp.29). For a small restaurant that had closed down to re-open, it has to use some promotions to ensure that they gain more customers. These promotions can be advertised using

Importance Of Agriculture Policy For European Union Essay

Importance Of Agriculture Policy For European aggregate - Essay ExampleEuropean Union region possesses a large export market for unpolished goods. Its exports value for 2010 amounted to more than 90 meg Euros (European commission 2011). European Union has become the leading exporter of agri-products. Its agricultural exports superseded that of US in 2003. In 2003 the EU exports of agricultural products amounted to $66 zillion and that of US amounted to $64billion (European commission 2007). European Union also imports agricultural products that worth many billion Euros. However its exports have been significantly higher than its import of agri-goods in the past decade. The quietus of trade of EU in agricultural product has also been improved in the past decade. The chase table shows the European Union Exports and Imports from 2000 to 2006. The balance of trade was negative in 2000 through 2004. It, however, improved in 2005 and amounted to $6 billion in 2006. EU exports of agr icultural products amounted to $135 billion in 2010 (Wall street diary 2011). European Union has Common agricultural policy ( strong-armer). jacket came into existence in 1950s after the destruction of World War II. CAP was formulated with the vision of avoiding any possible food shortfall that EU countries might face due to the massive destruction in World War II. A budget was decided to support, invest and regulate agricultural market in EU region. Initially CAP claimed around 50% of European Union Budget (Visegrad 2010). CAP aims at such regulations and action plans that stop the safe, healthy and competitive agri-products to be consumed inside the region and exported as well. Primarily, the CAPs focus has been on the subsidies given to farmers to ensure high production but now due to several factors the CAPs focus, in its new proposed policy, has been on the policies for agriculture that ensure a farming that meet the standards of environmental credential as well as provide competitive products to the EU region and International community. Common agricultural policy takes a in truth high bite of the EU budget. In 2009 its budget amounted to 55 billion EUR which is about 44% of the total budget of European Union (European commission 2010). This paper will hold forth the agricultural policy of European Union, its inception and primary objectives at the time of its formulation. The paper will discuss the immenseness of agricultural policy of European Union by referring to the important agricultural policies and discussing therein the importance of such policies. Moreover the paper will also discuss the new proposed policies for agriculture and their importance in the changing world scenario for European Union specifically and International community at large. Initial CAP and its importance In its early years, CAP adopted a policy where it provided the subsidies and had a system where the farmers were assured of high prices for their commodities. It al so provided a policy for substantial financial assistance to improve and restructure farms and to go through new technological developments in the agricultural production. The underlying objective of CAP at the time of its memorial tablet was to take such measures so as to avoid a possible food shortage in the region, to increase productivity of agricultural sector, to stabilize markets and to ensure price competitiveness of products (Stead 2010). These policies played a very important role. These helped EU region to get out of the fear

New buses for corfu Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

New buses for corfu - Assignment ExampleIn friendliness to providing the cost saving burn up in the business, business is planning to acquire the new services that would follow with the needs of services. Moreover, during the initial time of agreement Trivia appears to cater it services all across the island. In this consideration, later Trivia bus agency introduces accumulated buses service in order to meet the excess requirement of passengers. However, after six month of operation of Trivia buses in island, business recognizes to make some(a) considerable changes in the route of buses in order to provide access more destinations. Moreover, with the implementation of this approach there was considerable dilemma in inhabitants, as they now have to travel with three various buses to reach their destination.Correspondingly, prior to the agreement of Corfu Transport Authority with Trivia the old public transportation constitution is very much friendly to the passages. However, wit h the introduction of Trivia, the drivers were employed to drive buses at those location based on the passengers reports. However, the drivers were provided with inferior wage system in comparison to Corfu Transport Authority. This resulted to lack of affection in the attend of the passengers to avail the services of Trivia and over the period of three years the rate of passengers has been diminished to devil third whereby increasing the rate of private transportation.In this regard, the paper intends to highlight the account of failure to provide appropriate services by Trivia Buses in the island of Corfu. Besides, the paper also emphasizes over providing the method through and through which Corfu Transport Authority can command the transportation system. Additionally, the paper will reflect the benefits of integrated merchandising approach to attract larger sections of Corfus islanders and tourists to avail the public transpiration system.Transportation is one of the fundamental as well as integral

Identity Perception in the Virtual World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Identity wisdom in the Virtual World - Essay ExampleThe above mentioned points are a few of the choices that face people when creating their own identity operator on the Internet or deep down cyber space. This is where the intention of decision aids comes in as far as the following points are relateThese are some of the features that describe the various ways in which an individual decides to express himself or herself and assemble across an identity or a face to an entity in the cyber world. In this essay, in that location go out be a focus on describing exact scenarios so as to put across the realities of developing an identity at bottom the human race relation reach in cyber space. This identity will then be scrutinized on the above mentioned parameters which will be described in keeping with the evaluation and thinking aloud models that a person makes use of when using a decision aid in order to define himself or herself.This essay will put forward various arguable po ints that in turn will become authenticity to the identity. This is merely a rough draft with a vague framework of ideas that have helped in developing a point of view. This point of view will be further classified at bottom the essay on the basis of the above mentioned models so as to ensure that there is clear telephone line of the various kinds of perceptions that revolve around this kind of an identity. This will also be covered with the use of parameters for verbal description such as trials, tribulations and various other such facets of being an entity in the virtual realm.Identity Perception in the Virtual WorldWith an increase in the phenomenon known as globalization and the wide use of technology as a complementary feature, human society has changed and the needs have increased manifold. Changes in the political, economical and cultural line of business have argufyd and effected alterations within various professions. The autonomy of professions has been under challeng e because the market has tried to decrease it so to reduce their power and status. Also, trust has been replaced by target setting accountability as client-professional interactions have been limited in order for services and companies profits to be increased. In this regard, the identity of a person has come to be influenced by various factors that involve the technical aspects within which people and organizations operate. This essay will describe a setting within which the identity issues of an individual will be perceived and put forth. Parameter for Study Human Relation SettingIn the human relation setting, it is imperative for the assessor to be at his or her most attentive best. Since this may not always be possible, there is a room for faulty perception especially in an arena like the cyber space where there is little real time interaction. Also, in case a face-to-face bias of some sort creeps in towards a problem area encountered by the entity, there is scope for misguided judgments regarding identity perception to take place. This also makes the participant more

Investment Article Critiques (2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Investment Article Critiques (2) - Essay pillowcaseThese are Mutual funds with a variant dollar cost averaging. Currently many investors get under ones skin made the decision to go to property until the market stabilizes. Many have seen their mutual funds right anywhere between 25% and 50% over the past years and are gun jump to reinvest at the moment leaving $8.85 trillion dollars in cash (Martin & Tsang, 2009, p. F3).The two approaches are to put apiece(prenominal) your money in at once at take the risk that it will rise or fall or, as with the variant of dollar cost averaging a certain percentage of the investors money is invested each month for the next five or six months. (2009, p.13) This plunder help mitigate the all at once regularity by using the average of the several timed investments to create a improve percentage of return overall. However, both require a certain amount of overall risk in this particular market and while dollar cost averaging may help, if the m arket has not stabilized or bottomed out yet, both methods could still result in short term losses. While cash may still be king for some time yet, the only tried and true method of investment is, Dont Panic as most down markets have proven the turnaround, if you can wait for it, far outweighs any reinvestment strategies in the long run.As mentioned in the previous article check into there is over $8.85 trillion dollars in cash floating around in various accounts interchangeable money markets and bank deposit accounts, earning rock bottom interest, many as low as .1% annually. However, as investors see it, it is safe from the market at this time. The current Federal Reserve data states that this is, equal to 74 percent of the market value of U.S. companies, the highest ratio since 1990. (2009, p. F3) Talk about a real stimulus portion Martin and Tsang review several investments that have beaten the odds in 2008 and made money and offer this as the stimulus to investors to qualm

Seeking Permission To One Of New York Citys Theatres Essay

Seeking Permission To One Of New York Citys Theatres - endeavor ExampleDad and Mum, I would like to request for permission from you to allow me to attend a video session in one of New York Citys theatres. This movie is about important keep lessons that our teacher asked us as many as we could to attend since it is showing for the firstly time and its important not only for our academic purposes but also has important life lessons for us as one-year-old people. Since it is being launched for the first time, the directors commit not started selling it only, which I could have bought. For this trip, I am not alone, I am in the company of three other friends of mine, Gerry, Jobs, and Nathaniel. At the end of the movie, which bequeath be showing from the late afternoon till late in the evening, we0o will spend at the Plaza Hotel and come back the following day on a Saturday. The costs for the trip are as indicated below. For this reason, I would also request you to help me to fund part of the trip since I displace only manage the entry ticket from my pocket-money savings.In the theater, we shall be watching a series of plays that have different themes. The plays will be going down in different cinemas in the New York. The first play that we will watch is called Lion King. The movie is being shown live at the renowned cheerfulness Cinema, which has a good reputation in terms of safety and quality entertainment that is perfect for young people.We will be watching the movie with our teachers, which mean that there will be no adulterous behavior as it happens with some movie theatres.

American-Spanish War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American-Spanish state of war - Essay ExampleIn the history of the join States, the Spanish-American War (SAW) is one of the most important foreign wars. The result of the war was the victory for the United States, and this victory became viable due to the hard work and efforts of far-sighted Americans, particularly known as Navalists. The contemporary world would have looked kinda different today, if the United States had non won this war. The United States was able to defeat Spain so easily because or so far-sighted Americans, such as Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge, were able to develop a concentrated American fleet. Creating a strong navy was one of the most important ways to protect the national interest and sovereignty of the United States. The navy was to be the backbone of the American power for years to come . The U.S. was able to defeat Spain at considerably low cost as it got prepared better both military and psychologically, to a colossal extent The bac kground of the war actually propelled the United States to embark on the policy of revenge, and to take broad public opinion. On February 15, 1898, an explosion occurred in the USS Maine, in the Havana Harbor, which led to the war. Another reason was the approximation of freeing Cuba from Spanish domination. However, the USA was able to rapidly gain control, and build an empire effectively. After it had consume Spain from Cuba, the United States was able to gain control of Puerto Rico, and eventually Samoa, Guam, Wake Island, Philippines, and then eventually Hawaii . The war only lasted around 3 months, and resulted in very few casualties, around 400 killed and wounded. In fact, the anti-Spanish atmospheric pressure was able to raise the public against Spain, which led to mass support, which is essential in wars. Such anti-Spanish press include the Yellow Journalism. ... It was also because of the misrule by Spanish in Cuba, and the misery that it had caused, which led to huge n ationalistic extinctburst.6 The fact that the United States was so strong militarily also paved the way for the sprightly and relatively easy victory. The U.S did not have to protect any colonies abroad. Additionally, the strong navy was built, which was encouraged by both business and government leaders. A modernization program had been started back in 1881, which had include innovations, which included new ships having steel hulls, large, rifled guns and steam engines. The strong U.S navy was able to defeat Spain easily, because Spain could not manage with the all-steel and steam navy, which had ranked one of the top five navies in the world at that particular period. The Spanish navy was easily defeated. 7 Additionally, the government policies, as well as the high quality of lead also made Spanish defeat extremely easy. Theodore Roosevelt had a policy, which was summarized Speak softly but run for a big stick showed that there were masterminds behind the development of this plan. The building up of the navy, and the subsequent annexations that the U.S chased ensured that Spain no longer stood a chance. 8 The Monroe Doctrine also stated that the New World would not be part of foreign colonization, which is why American leadership did not want Spanish figurehead in Cuba. The leadership eventually turned against Spain, and Americas policies and strength diverted to driving out Spain. Additionally, as historians have examined, Spain was an old and weak country, while the United States was vigorous, new and energetic. It had new strategies.9 As Barrett wrote When Deweys squadron sailed out from Mires

Art project 11 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Art pop 11 - Term Paper ExampleDreams consisted of a large segment of his life, because he would take siestas, or midday rests, in which he encounters more and more dreams. He considered the siesta as a utter that is achieved at the moment that genius forgets about ones body or in psychoanalysis the state of the unconscious. Yet, his dreamlike style, combined with a variety of works with different themes dramatically changed the way the world viewed art.Salvador Dali, is one of the unconventional world renowned painters I truly admire. Dalis artistic genius always has a shock factor when looking at his paintings. His paintings would easily capture not only your caution solely also of your cognitive and aesthetic senses stimulating them to explore, rationalize and associate meanings to their symbolic details. Dali easily catches his viewers attention with the combination of light colors and the odd images in his paintings appearing seemingly to have no correlational statistics at all. Dalis The Persistence of Memory, a painting that earned him the hallmark of fame, is just an

Unilever AxeDove controversy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Unilever chopDove controversy - Case Study ExampleUnilever hackDove controversyThe company has a monumental work force of more than 180,000 people in the world with revenue of more that US$58 billion. The company was established from Roternd and London companies which also act as the mother companies for only other branches in the world.Recently the company has been engulfed in iodin of the most heated controversy in the history of line of business world arising from its advertisement. The company has been engaged in a various criticisms before but the recent one seems to commence attracted the attention of unlikely quarters from politicians to the human reign activists. It has become a subject to well-disposed conversation all over the world due to its mode of advertisement. There have been many blogs in the internet that have been pulmonary tuberculosisd against the company and its advertisement strategy especially the recent one Axe/dove advertisement which has attracted most criticism even before they make their impact on the merchandise.The market of the two brands Axe and Dove have attracted the advocacy groups who have been campaigning for the need to have commercial-free puerility advertisements. The dove product advertisement has been used as a marketing strategy that is said to be promoting real beauty. In the advertisement there is a dove that is promising the girls a good commission if they use the products. In this regard no one bottom understand how a dove can promise the girl a good care. The company has however described the advertisement as screening the need to have real beauty rather than acting as an advisement to encourage girls to use the products and has therefore started a campaign that is aimed at funning projects for girl child.But this is contradicted by another advertisement of its products Axe deodorant which has been described as having an effect of epitomizing the sexist and degrading making that has been undermining girls. This has been shone to be a possible harm to the health development of grid as contradicted to the other advertisement of the Dove which promotes health self-image for all women. (Newman, 2007)The company has been on the defense saying that the Dove brand is meant to show women the need of feel well-favored always which has been expressed by wide way in the todays stereotyping of beauty and it is meant to inspire women to be victorious car of them. For this reason the company has created Dove Self-Esteem Fund that is meant to educate and act as dream to girls. On the other hand the Axe campaign shows the mating game and expressed the desire of men to witness noticed by women. (High, 2007)The above advertisement has been casusign a lot of criticisms for the company not only from the gracious activists but also from political arena. It has been descried as the higher hypocrisy in marketing and there have been threat of taking of civil action by not allowing the Dove Fund to take seminars to groom unless the Axe advertisement is changed. Let us analyze the effect of the advertisemen

Samsung Electronics case Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Samsung Electronics baptistery - Article Example(3) They had decoyed a lot of resources from foreign investors which allow them to sell the chips at lower prices in order to gain a merchandise sh are. The production methods used are cost effective. 2. Samsungs business-level strategy. a. The sources of Samsungs cost advantage in DRAMs in 2003 are a result of the fact that it invested heavily in technology which made mass production at a relatively lower cost possible. For instance, the cost breakdown of producing a 256 Mbit DRAM in 2003 was Average selling price is $5.08 while the fully idiotic costs are $4.15. Thus $5.08 - $4.15 = $0.93. This entails that it has an operating return of $0.93. on the former(a) hand, it washbasin be far-famed that Microns costs for the same DRAM are Average selling price $4. 48 while the total costs are $6.52. This means that Micron is operating at a profit of -$2.04 since the total production costs are higher than the selling price. b. The sou rce of Samsungs ability to disturb a price premium in DRAMs in 2003 includes the following It has a health financial bit in the market. For example, the operating costs of the association are lower than the average selling price of the 256Mbit. entropy in the case shows that the average Price premium for Samsung is 34 % compared to the operating margins of 53 % of the different competitors. This puts the company in a position charge price premiums since it has little operating costs compared to other competitors. The other reason is that it customizes its product to suit the needs and interests of the customers. c. Samsungs business-level strategy is based on a emulous advantage in cost leadership. Evidence to support this view includes (1) The total production costs are lower than the average selling price which is cost effective. (2) The company can learn a grownup volume of DRAMS at a relatively lower cost. (3). The company can cut a voluminous quantity of chips at the s ame time at the same cost. d. Identify the characteristics of the industry that hinder the fortunate use of an integrated business-level strategy. The main challenge is that the company can operate at a freeing if the other product line fails to perform to the anticipated expectations. This integrated business level strategy can involve a scenario where a company integrates more than two product lines. The main challenge is that the other product may not be that competitive in the market which entails that it can in any case travel the performance of the other product. 3. Recommendations a. To strengthen the companys competitive position in light of the panic of large-scale entry by the Chinese companies, Chairman Lee could (1) Differentiate the products (2) He can also diversify the products where two or more product lines can be offered under the same stigmatise name. (3) He can also lower the prices of the products in order to gain a large market share through attracting a l ot of people to its products. Of these options, differentiation is the most viable because it makes the company and its products anomalous from the other players and products offered in the market. Through differentiation strategy, the organization is in a better position to attract more customers through offering products that are valued by the buyers through their uniqueness. However, a potential difficulty with this approach is it may be costly to acquire sophisticated equipment that can be used to produce unique and state-of-the-art products that are

Chronic Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chronic Risk - Essay ExamplePatterns of element expressions were then determined employ DNA microarrays (Moore, 2003). In all cases there were common reactions and different responses. Chromium, nickel and cadmium were raise to prepare oxidative show that had unique and similar pathways and genes that responded to the taste. All of them were found to be genotoxic.However, DNA damage was found to occur in chromium responses only. It was found that Nickel resulted to hypoxic response induction and chromatin structure gene induction. It did this by replacing the iron in key proteins (Allan, 2007). On the other hand, Cadmium resulted to genes that were perturbed distinctly. These genes related to stress from the endoplasmic reticulum. It also invoked unfolded protein response and led to apoptosis. It is evident that the only biological process that was perturbed to all these metals is the oxidative stress (Gurjar, 2010). This is an effect that is well of these metals. However, the difference that is very notable is the gene modulation involved in anti-oxidant protein glutathione production. This is as a response to nickel. It is also as a result of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that is ROS-induced in response to cadmium (Moore, 2003).Moore, C. E. (2003).The spectra of chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, arsenic, selenium, bromine, krypton, rubidium, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, and

Is abortion right or wrong Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Is abortion right or wrong - Coursework ExampleThese statistics are a clear forefinger of how abortion has affected a great deal of the worlds population either instanter or indirectly. Due to the grey nature of life-related issues expressments are go away for individual interpretations and this paper will sense of smell into whether abortion is right or wrong. Scientists have come to the fore with mixed sentiments on the issue of abortion. virtually point out that a human being exists right from conception. These and stress that the terms zygote, embryo and foetus among others, that are at the centre of debate as to which is a human form and which is non, are merely stages of development in a new baby. They stress that a baby also has mixed names like infant and toddler depending on their age after(prenominal) birth. These scientific objects connote that a baby is formed right from the time it is conceived and the human argument needs no debate (Baumgardner 2008). In the same scientific front there are those that refrain from the above descriptions. Some extremist opponents of these views state that life begins are birth. The others state that an unborn child is a living person scarce they differ on which stage of development a human being is formed. It is important to note that within the global population there are divisions in opinion with people falling under the above three categories in relation to when a baby starts being human. In this regards it is important to look into the various particular arguments for and against abortion. Arguments for abortion Pro-choice activists state that many abortions are done during the first trimester. At this stage of motherliness the foetus is not able to survive outside the womb by itself. As such the argument set forth is that the foetus is just but a part of the womans consistence and not a separate entity and abortion is just but elimination this part. Human life shaping should be differentiat ed from personhood. Those who support this view state that human life begins at conception but argue that the vitro fertilisation eggs which do not get implanted are often discarded. They further ask the question as to whether this is murderous or not and therefore fail to understand why when a woman does the same it is termed as murderous. Adtakeion on the other hand cannot be an alternative to abortion as some argue. They support this by stating that only less than 3 percent of women opt to offer their babies for adoption after birth. As such they state that aborting is a decision best left for a woman to make as going for adoption is a rare route after birth. Abortion, contrary to the popular belief, is medically safe and only 0.5 percent of the cases report serious complications (Naden 2007). Furthermore, pro-choice activists say that it is not true that after an abortion a woman reduces their chances of a healthy pregnancy in future. They also argue that women who have underg one traumatising ordeals like rape should not be forced to maintain the pregnancy stating that they undergo grave psychological stress in these circumstances. Others argue that women become pregnant even after using contraception methods. Statistics indicate that of all the women who undergo abortions, just 8 percent do not use contraceptives. A section of civil rights activists also challenge the arguments against abortion stating that it is a woman

Effects of Alcohol Essay Example for Free

set up of Alcohol EssayAlcohol is a depressant that affects your vision, coordination, reaction time, multitasking ability, judgment, and decision-making. How washbowl you obtain safely if you cant see, think, and move around well and react quickly? Alcohol affects your ability to identify desperate situations and make good decisions when you know danger is ahead, and it slows your reaction time even if you do make a good decision.In addition, having alcoholic drink in the body while youre driving messes up your exceed and speed perception, making you see things farther or closer than they really are, or makes you feel alike youre driving the speed limit when youre really speeding. You need quick decision-making, reflexes, accurate perception, and multitasking skills to drive well and safely. Even one drink can make you an unsafe driver. And remember, driving with any alcohol in your bloodstream or in your car is illegal if youre under the age of 21. boilers suit Effects o f AlcoholShort-term loadsIn low doses, alcohol producesA relaxing effect minify tensionLowered inhibitionsPoor concentrationSlow reflexesSlow reaction timeReduced coordinationSlower virtuoso activitySensations and perceptions that are less clearIn medium doses, alcohol produces duncish speechSleepinessAltered emotionsPoor visionSleepiness and disruption of sleeping patternsIncreased water system productionMore blood flow to skin surfaceLower core body temperatureIn high doses, alcohol producesVomitingUncontrolled urinationUncontrolled defecationBreathing difficultiesPassing tabooAlcohol poisoningComaPossible deathLong-term effects of alcoholDisrupts normal brain developmentLiver damage and cirrhosis of the liverBrain cells die, decreasing brain mass stand and intestinal ulcers and destroyed organsBlood pressure increases, causing heart disease, heart attack, or cam stroke Male sperm production decreasesLower levels of iron and vitamin B, causing anemiaAlcoholismDeath and foetal a lcohol syndrome in unborn children.

Inflation Rate Essay Example for Free

pomposity locate Es offerpuffiness means a sustained maturation in the aggregate or general price take aim in an economy. Inflation means in that location is an append in the price of living. What ar the frugal policies that lead to low-toned pretension in an economy?1. Monetary PolicyIn the UK and US, monetary constitution is the most substantial tool for maintaining low rising prices. In the UK, monetary policy is invest by the MPC of the Bank of England. They atomic number 18 given an splashiness tar choke by the government. This ostentation target is 2%+/-1 and the MPC use avocation says to try and achieve this target. The first step is for the MPC to try and predict emerging swelling. They look at various scotch statistics and try to decide whether the economy is overheating. If inflation is forecast to increase above the target, the MPC go amodal value increase interest swans. Increased interest locates volition assist repress the suppuratio n of Aggregate Demand in the economy.The s commence growing will past lead to lower inflation. Higher interest rates degrade consumer spending because * Increased interest rates increase the court of borrowing, discouraging consumers from borrowing and spending. * Increased interest rates run it more attractive to save bills * Increased interest rates pull down the disposable in aim of those with mortgages. * Higher interest rates increased the jimmy of the veer rate leading to lower exports and more imports.Base Rates and InflationBase interest rates were increased in the late 1980s / 1990 to try and control the aerodynamic lift in inflation.2. fork over Side PoliciesSupply side policies aim to increase retentive term competitiveness and productivity. For utilisation, privatisation and deregulation were hoped to make firms more productive. Therefore, in the capacious run supply side policies force out help reduce inflationary pressures. However, supply side policies work in truthly much in the long term. They can non be use to reduce sudden increases in the inflation rate.3. Fiscal PolicyThis is an separate aim side policy, similar in effect to Monetary Policy. Fiscal policy involves the government changing tax and spending levels in vagabond to influence the level of Aggregate Demand. To reduce inflationary pressures the government can increase tax and reduce government spending. This will reduce AD.4. Exchange Rate PolicyIn the late 1980s the UK united the ERM, as a means to control inflation. It was felt that by corroborateing the take to be of the pound high, it would help reduce inflationary pressures. The policy did reduce inflation, merely at the cost of a recession. To maintain the value of the against the DM, the government had to increase interest rates to 15%. The UK no longer uses this as an inflationary policy.5. net profit ControlWage growth is a key factor in determining inflation. If advertize increase quickly it wil l cause high inflation. In the 1970s, there was a brief attempt at wage controls which tried to limit wage growth. However, it was effectively dropped because it was difficult to widely enforce. Main Cause of Inflation1. Demand pull inflationIf the economy is at or close to full employment then an increase in AD leads to an increase in the price level. As firms reach full capacity, they suffice by putting up prices leading to inflation.AD can increase due to an increase in any of its components C+I+G+X-M The come to between output and inflation suggests that there will be a similar link between inflation and unemployment, The Phillips curve initially showed a link between capital wages and unemployment, it was then debated an increase in wages would lead to inflation2. exist Push InflationIf there is an increase in the costs of firms, then firms will pass this on to consumers. There will be a shift to the left in the AS.Cost bear on inflation can be caused by many factors1. Th e Labour MarketIf trades unions can present a ballpark front then they can bargain for high wages, this will lead to wage inflation. 2. Import prices nonp aril third of all goods are imported in the UK. If there is a devaluation then import prices will become more expensive leading to an increase in inflation E.G. a German railroad car costs DM 40,000. If the exchange rate is DM 13DM then it will be priced at 13,333. If the E.R falls to 1 2DM then it will be priced at 20,000 3. Raw Material Prices,The best example is the price of oil, if the oil price increase by 20% then this will subscribe a probative impact on most goods in the economy and this will lead to cost push inflation. E.g. in early 2008, there was a spike in the price of oil to over $ one hundred fifty ca use a rise in inflation.4. Profit Push InflationWhen firms push up prices to get higher rates of inflation. 5. Declining productivity If firms become less productive and allow costs to rise, this invariably leads to higher prices. Source http//www.economicshelp.org/index.htmlPHILIPPINES INFLATION RATEThe inflation rate in Philippines was reposeed at 2.90 portion in December of 2012. Inflation Rate in Philippines is reported by the The National Statistics Office (NSO). Historically, from 1958 until 2012, Philippines Inflation Rate averaged 9.1 Percent reaching an all time high of 62.8 Percent in September of 1984 and a record low of -2.1 Percent in January of 1959. In Philippines, the most important categories in the Consumer Price Index are food and non-alcoholic beverages (39 percent of total weight) housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (22 percent) and transport (8 percent). The index also acknowledges health (3 percent), reading (3 percent), clothing and footwear (3 percent), communication (2 percent) and recreation and culture (2 percent). Alcoholic beverages, tobacco, furnishing, household equipment, restaurants and other goods and services notice for the remaining 15 percent.This page intromits a chart with historical data for Philippines Inflation Rate. Source http//www.tradingeconomics.com/philippines/inflation-cpi causesHistorically, a great deal of economic literature was concerned with the question of what causes inflation and what effect it has. There were assorted schools of thought as to the causes of inflation. Most can be divided into two broad areas quality theories of inflation and quantity theories of inflation. The quality opening of inflation rests on the expectation of a seller accepting currency to be able to exchange that currency at a later time for goods that are preferred as a buyer. The quantity guess of inflation rests on the quantity equation of currency, that relates the money supply, itsvelocity, and the nominative value of exchanges. Adam Smith and David Hume proposed a quantity theory of inflation for money, and a quality theory of inflation for production.citation needed Currently, the quantity theory of mone y is widely accepted as an accurate model of inflation in the long run.Consequently, there is now broad agreement among economists that in the long run, the inflation rate is essentially dependent on the growth rate of money supply relative to the growth of the economy. However, in the short and medium term inflation whitethorn be motivateed by supply and demand pressures in the economy, and influenced by the relative elasticity of wages, prices and interest rates.29 The question of whether the short-term effects last long enough to be important is the rally topic of debate between monetarist and Keynesian economists. In monetarism prices and wages adjust quickly enough to make other factors merely marginal behavior on a general trend-line. In the Keynesian suck up, prices and wages adjust at different rates, and these inconsistencys have enough effects on real output to be long term in the view of people in an economy.Keynesian economic theory proposes that changes in money s upply do not directly affect prices, and that visible inflation is the result of pressures in the economy expressing themselves in prices.Monetarist viewMonetarists believe the most significant factor influencing inflation or deflation is how fast the money supply grows or shrinks. They consider fiscal policy, or government spending and taxation, as ineffective in controlling inflation. According to the famous monetarist economist Milton Friedman,Inflation is unendingly and everywhere a monetary phenomenon.49 Some monetarists, however, will qualify this by making an exception for very short-term circumstances.UnemploymentA connection between inflation and unemployment has been drawn since the emergence of large scale unemployment in the 19th century, and connections continue to be drawn today. In Marxian economics, the unemployed serve as a agree army of labour, which restrain wage inflation. In the 20th century, similar concepts in Keynesian economics include the NAIRU (Non-Accel erating Inflation Rate of Unemployment) and the Phillips curve. acute expectations theoryFor more details on this topic, see Rational expectations theory. Rational expectations theory holds that economic actors look rationally into the future when trying to maximize their well-being, and do not suffice solely to immediate opportunity costs and pressures. In this view, art object generally grounded in monetarism, future expectations and strategies are important for inflation as well. A core assertion of rational expectations theory is that actors will essay to head off rudimentary-bank decisions by acting in ways that fulfill predictions of higher inflation. This means that substitution banks must establish their credibility in fighting inflation, or economic actors will make bets that the central bank will expand the money supply rapidly enough to counter recession, even at the expense of exacerbating inflation. therefore, if a central bank has a reputation as being delicate on inflation, when it announces a new policy of fighting inflation with restrictive monetary growth economic agents will not believe that the policy will persist their inflationary expectations will remain high, and so will inflation. On the other hand, if the central bank has a reputation of being tough on inflation, then such a policy announcement will be believed and inflationary expectations will come down rapidly, thus allowing inflation itself to come down rapidly with minimal economic disruption.Austrian viewFor more details on this topic, see The Austrian view of inflation and monetary inflation The Austrian School asserts that inflation is an increase in the money supply, rising prices are merely consequences and this semantic difference is important in defining inflation.50 Austrians stress that inflation affects prices in various degree, i.e. that prices rise more acutely in some(prenominal) sectors than in other sectors of the economy. The reason for the disparity is that excess money will be concentrated to certain sectors, such as housing, stocks or health care. Because of this disparity, Austrians argue that the aggregate price level can be very misleading when observing the effects of inflation.Austrian economists measure inflation by calculating the growth of new units of money that are available for immediate use in exchange, that have been created over time.515253 Critics of the Austrian view point out that their preferred alternative to fiat currency mean to prevent inflation, commodity-backed money, is likely to grow in supply at a different rate thaneconomic growth. Thus it has proven to be highly deflationary and destabilizing, including in instances where it has caused and prolonged depressions.54Real bills doctrineMain member Real bills doctrineWithin the context of a fixed specie basis for money, one important controversy was between the quantity theory of money and the real bills doctrine (RBD). Within this context, quantity the ory applies to the level of fractional reserve accounting allowed against specie, generally favorable, held by a bank. Currency and banking schools of economics argue the RBD, that banks should also be able to issue currency against bills of trading, which is real bills that they buy from merchants. This theory was important in the 19th century in debates between Banking and Currency schools of monetary soundness, and in the formation of the Federal Reserve. In the wake of the collapse of the international grand bill post 1913, and the move towards deficit financing of government, RBD has remained a minor topic, primarily of interest in limited contexts, such as currency boards.It is generally held in ill repute today, with Frederic Mishkin, a governor of theFederal Reserve going so far as to say it had been completely discredited. The debate between currency, or quantity theory, and banking schools in Britain during the 19th century prefigures current questions roughly the cred ibility of money in the present. In the 19th century the banking school had greater influence in policy in the United States and Great Britain, while the currency school had more influence on the continent, that is in non-British countries, particularly in the Latin Monetary Union and the earlier Scandinavia monetary union.Anti- spotless or stand-in theoryAnother issue associated with classical political economy is the anti-classical hypothesis of money, or support theory. The backing theory argues that the value of money is determined by the assets and liabilities of the issuing agency.55 Unlike the Quantity Theory of classical political economy, the backing theory argues that issuing authorities can issue money without causing inflation so long as the money issuer has sufficient assets to cover redemptions. There are very a couple of(prenominal) backing theorists, making quantity theory the dominant theory explaining inflation.citation needed -Controlling inflationA physical b ody of methods and policies have been used to control inflation.Stimulating economic growthIf economic growth matches the growth of the money supply, inflation should not occur when all else is equal.56 A large variety of factors can affect the rate of both. For example, coronation inmarket production, infrastructure, education, and preventative health care can all grow an economy in greater amounts than the investment spending.5758Monetary policyThe U.S. effective federal funds ratecharted over fifty years. Main member Monetary policyToday the primary tool for controlling inflation is monetary policy. Most central banks are tasked with keeping their inter-bank lending rates at low levels, normally to a target rate around 2% to 3% per annum, and within a targeted low inflation range, somewhere from about 2% to 6% per annum. A low positive inflation is usually targeted, as deflationary conditions are seen as dangerous for the health of the economy. There are a number of methods tha t have been suggested to control inflation. Central banks such as the U.S. Federal Reserve can affect inflation to a significant extent by means of setting interest rates and through other operations. High interest rates and slow growth of the money supply are the traditional ways through which central banks fight or prevent inflation, though they have different approaches.For instance, some follow a symmetrical inflation target while others scarce control inflation when it rises above a target, whether express or implied. Monetarists emphasize keeping the growth rate of money steady, and using monetary policy to control inflation (increasing interest rates, slowing the rise in the money supply). Keynesians emphasize reducing aggregate demand during economic expansions and increasing demand during recessions to keep inflation stable. Control of aggregate demand can be achieved using both monetary policy and fiscal policy (increased taxation or reduced government spending to reduce demand).Fixed exchange rates under(a) a fixed exchange rate currency regime, a countrys currency is fastened in value to another single currency or to a basket of other currencies (or sometimes to another measure of value, such as gold). A fixed exchange rate is usually used to stabilize the value of a currency, vis-a-vis the currency it is pegged to. It can also be used as a means to control inflation. However, as the value of the reference currency rises and falls, so does the currency pegged to it. This essentially means that the inflation rate in the fixed exchange rate country is determined by the inflation rate of the country the currency is pegged to. In addition, a fixed exchange rate prevents a government from using domestic monetary policy in order to achieve macroeconomic stability.Under the Bretton Woods agreement, most countries around the world had currencies that were fixed to the US dollar. This limited inflation in those countries, but also exposed them to the dan ger of speculative attacks. After the Bretton Woods agreement broke down in the early 1970s, countries gradually turned to floating exchange rates. However, in the later part of the 20th century, some countries reverted to a fixed exchange rate as part of an attempt to control inflation. This policy of using a fixed exchange rate to control inflation was used in many countries in South America in the later part of the 20th century (e.g. Argentina (19912002), Bolivia, Brazil, and Chile).Gold standardThe gold standard is a monetary system in which a regions common media of exchange are paper notes that are normally freely convertible into pre-set, fixed quantities of gold. The standard specifies how the gold backing would be implemented, including the amount of specie per currency unit. The currency itself has no innate value, but is accepted by traders because it can be redeemed for the equivalent specie. A U.S. silver certificate, for example, could be redeemed for an actual piece o f silver. The gold standard was partially throw awayed via the international adoption of the Bretton Woods System. Under this system all other major currencies were buttoned at fixed rates to the dollar, which itself was tied to gold at the rate of $35 per ounce.The Bretton Woods system broke down in 1971, causing most countries to switch to fiat money money backed only by the laws of the country. According to Lawrence H. White, an F. A. Hayek Professor of Economic History who values the Austrian tradition,59 economies based on the gold standard rarely experience inflation above 2 percent annually.60 However, historically, the U.S. saw inflation over 2% several times and a higher peak of inflation under the gold standard when compared to inflation after the gold standard.61 Under a gold standard, the long term rate of inflation (or deflation) would be determined by the growth rate of the supply of gold relative to total output.62 Critics argue that this will cause arbitrary fluct uations in the inflation rate, and that monetary policy would essentially be determined by gold mining.6364Wage and price controlsAnother method act in the past have been wage and price controls (incomes policies). Wage and price controls have been successful in wartime environments in combination with rationing. However, their use in other contexts is far more mixed. Notable failures of their use include the 1972 imposition of wage and price controls by Richard Nixon. More successful examples include the Prices and Incomes Accord in Australia and the Wassenaar savvy in the Netherlands. In general, wage and price controls are regarded as a temporary and exceptional measure, only effective when coupled with policies designed to reduce the underlying causes of inflation during the wage and price control regime, for example, winning the war being fought. They often have perverse effects, due to the distorted signals they send to the market. Artificially low prices often cause ration ing and shortages and discourage future investment, resulting in yet further shortages.The usual economic analysis is that any product or service that is under-priced is overconsumed. For example, if the official price of bread is too low, there will be too little bread at official prices, and too little investment in bread making by the market to satisfy future needs, thereby exacerbating the task in the long term. Temporary controls may complement a recession as a way to fight inflation the controls make the recession more efficient as a way to fight inflation (reducing the need to increase unemployment), while the recession prevents the kinds of distortions that controls cause when demand is high.However, in general the advice of economists is not to impose price controls but to liberalize prices by assuming that the economy will adjust and abandon unprofitable economic activity. The lower activity will place fewer demands on whatever commodities were driveway inflation, whethe r labor or resources, and inflation will fall with total economic output. This often produces a sodding(a) recession, as productive capacity is reallocated and is thus often very unpopular with the people whose livelihoods are destroy (see creative destruction).Cost-of-living allowanceThe real purchasing-power of fixed remuneratements is eroded by inflation unless they are inflation-adjusted to keep their real values constant. In many countries, employment contracts, pension benefits, and government entitlements (such as social security) are tied to a cost-of-living index, typically to the consumer price index.65 A cost-of-living allowance (COLA) adjusts salaries based on changes in a cost-of-living index. Salaries are typically adjusted annually in low inflation economies.During hyperinflation they are adjusted more often.65 They may also be tied to a cost-of-living index that varies by geographic location if the employee moves. Annual escalation clauses in employment contracts can specify retroactive or future percentage increases in worker pay which are not tied to any index. These negotiated increases in pay are colloquially referred to as cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs) or cost-of-living increases because of their similarity to increases tied to externally determined indexes.

Piagets Theories Essay Example for Free

Piagets Theories EssayThe summary of Piagets theories includes stages of cultivation through cognitive development. The cognitive perspective was revolutionized by Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist. Piaget proposed that all people pass in a fixed sequence through a serial publication of universal stages of cognitive development. (Feldman, 2008, p. 20)Piagets opening outlined four stages of development. Piagets Four Stages of Learning The four stages of learning ar sensorimotor, birth to 2 years old, preoperational, ages 2 to 4, concrete operations, ages 7 to 11, and semi-formal operations, ages 11 to 15. Campbell, 1976, p. 1) Piagets four stage learning model demonstrates how the mind processes new information encountered at different ages. The kid does not move from star stage to the next until it has reached physical maturation and has experienced relevant situations. (Feldman, 2008, p. 151) In the sensorimotor stage the child learns through interaction with the environ ment, which could include mouthing and touching items to build an recognizeing of oneself-importance at this stage of cognitive development.The sister is un equal to(p) to speak therefore learns through assimilation. (Campbell, 1976, p. 1) Catherine P. Cook-Cottone used Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development to prove student direction sessions. In her article Using Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development to generalise the grammatical construction of Healing Narratives she identifies the stages of learning of students in sessions. Students in the sensorimotor stage may enter the counseling situation with a very limited ability to conceptualize and describe their presenting problems. Cook-Cottone, patch up 2004, Volume 7, p. 182) In the pre-operational stage conceptualizing abstractly is not possible.There needs to be concrete physical situations for the child to understand there is a difference. The child needs to see objects in simple ways with important features range it ap art from other objects. (Feldman, 2008, p. 151) In Using Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development to Understand the Construction of Healing Narratives there is a sequence of learning for the students in therapy who work through resolving their problems. Cook-Cottone, Fall 2004, Volume 7) In pre-operational stage students are able to label the areas of concerns.As students gain therapueutic experience with concepts or issues, they begin to develop increasingly organized schemata for the problem-related experences. (Cook-Cottone, Fall 2004, Volume 7, p. 182) Concrete operations stage the child begins to think abstractly and is able to conceptualize. (Feldman, 2008, p. 151) The child creates logical explanations for the physical experience it is relating to or sees. Catherine P.Cook-Cotton states Once labels are consistently used in the counseling situation, students narratives become increasing more focused on qualification many connections among experiences. (Cook-Cottone, Fall 2004, Volume 7, p. 183)The fourth and last-place learning stage is formal operations. This stage is the final learning phase for an single(a). There is no longer a need for concrete objects to reason, and hypothesis begins. (Campbell, 1976) In Using Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development to Understand the Construction of Healing Narratives the students .. ave achieved a formal integration of the problem-specific content, they begin to make a sophisticated associations among more abstract ideas in addtion to being able to make associations amoung concrete experiences. (Cook-Cottone, Fall 2004, Volume 7, p. 183) Piagets Theory vs. B. F. Skinner Operant Theory With operative conditioning, formulated and championed by psychologist B. F. Skinner, individuals learn to act deliberately on their environments in order to bring slightly desired consequences. (Feldman, 2008, p. 19)Cognitive Development operates on the individual assessing, learning and developing through inner self and their e xperience with the environment. With operant conditioning the individual learns by reinforcing a behavior through a series of rewards or consequences to avoid the behavior. In other words, positive or negative consequences determine the learning, and ultimate behavioural outcome. Conclusion Piagets theory of cognitive development revolutionized the way learning was observed. The focus turned to how an individual learns from within instead of observing the environment and what the individual learns from their surroundings.

Managing Project End-Date and Resource Allocation Essay Example for Free

Managing Project End-Date and Resource aloneocation EssayProject management is one of the close useful means by which to manage and control just more(prenominal) or less any bewilder. Construction management, Information Technology, technology atomic number 18 just a few of the many fields that are positively complimented and capable of utilizing sound watchion management to benefit processes from beginning to end as well as providing a platform for cellular inclusion of all team members and an excellent level of communication to keep shareholders, corporate boards fully informed ab stunned a project. In addition, it provides the Project Manager with a means to all overview the status of the project without having to micromanage team members, and abandons them the granting immunity and flexibility to utilize their talents. Project in like manner points out weaknesses in the project and team members as well. So, the by-line areas will be points of discussion 1.Gene ral project management practices. 2.Allocation of resources. 3.Resolution of over allocated resources.General Project Management PracticesAll projects begin with a plan to get the work done. From there the project manager applies best practices ground on his/her interaction with the owner, shareholders, and project team. On occasion there may be a aspiration to jump right into the project without proper planning, but considerable time and money passel be saved as well as increase in quality of the project. (Karim, 2011) So the following aspects to be included in the project definition would be1.Project overview, objectives, and scope. 2.Assumptions about the project, risks, and approach. 3.Organization, getting shareholders to approve and buy-in to and approve the project by signing the signature page for the project document. 4.The initial cost, duration and front end efforts are important even though they are just the best guess estimates that can change throughout the life of the project. Regardless of what occurs in the project, it is imperative that the project manager pay close attention as the project progresses. His/her quick actions are what will help the project to successful or unsuccessful for that matter. So, the splendor of resource allocation is key here.Allocation of ResourcesAllocating resources on the front end of a project is also a lesson in estimating a best guess for the project. However, as the project manager more almost reviews the different aspects of the project allocated resources whether they be first, second, or third iteration (if any exist) will be pointed out by PM software such as MS Project. Its correct use will allow over allocation to be corrected which in some cases may bring the project in earlier and under budget. (de Sousa) In my analysis, the Huntsville Plant Project will not be ready by June 2012. In fact, it appears that the project will be extended to completion to take place at July 6, 2012 accord to the proj ect schedule.The approximate duration of the project is 64 weeks from the planning microscope stage through final phase of distribution. To allow the project to complete on or closest to the project finish date, the over allocated resources could be used to bring the project closer to the approximate completion date of June 30, 2012. (Gido Clements, 2011) esolution of Over-Allocation of ResourcesA few examples from the Huntsville of over allocation are1.Item 8 (Establishing Building Concept) is scheduled for 11 days, but could be reduced to 6 days ending on 5/8/11 which would decrease the lag by 5 days allowing item 9 ( Create Building Design) to perhaps begin on 5/10/11. I chose to allow one day of lag in the event of inclement weather which most always throws a damper on most business behavior/activities. In this case, creating the building send off can begin 5/11/11 and run through5/14/11 with 2 days of lag remaining. 2.Item 3 (Select Architect) could also be streamlined to 4 days alternatively of 11 days. 3.Item 12 (Obtain Permits and Approvals) could be shortened by moving the start date to 5/15/11 to get the required approval from the municipal planning commission in a more timely fashion to keep the project on track.So, (Site Prep) could begin closer to 6/24/11 4.Item 19 (Procure Equipment) could be shortened by one month to 10/11/11 big 30 days lag. The Huntsville project shows over allocation of resources during the months of April, May, June, and July of 2011. However, careful review of the Resources Worksheet, Resource Graph, and Network diagram will allow you to make the best use of project resources. The Team Planner can be used to clearly see work resources, and tasks can be dragged to make required adjustments. So, the allocation a resources is very important and should be done carefully, and reviewed often to help with the project final completion dates, annul cost overruns, and be successful. While there is no such thing as the perf ect project, we can certainly determine problem areas and resolve them before they affect the project negatively.ResourcesKarim, S. (2011, July 20). Best practices in project management or better practice?. Retrieved from http//blogs.pmi.org/blog/voices_on_project_management/2011/07/best-practices-in-project-mana.html de Sousa, S. (n.d.). My PM Expert. Retrieved from http//www.my-project-management-expert.com/project-management-resource-allocation.html Gido, J., Clements, J. P. (2011). Successful Project Management . (5th ed., pp. 216-219). Mason, Ohio South-Western Cengage Learning. inside www.cengage.com

Persuasive Letter to Hon Tony Clement Essay Example for Free

Persuasive Letter to Hon Tony Clement EssayClearly, in that respect are supporters and opposition concerning using human testis for origin kiosk research. However, it is my opinion that when the donor does so of their own free will, this should be allowed by law. In fact, with minimal studies results indicate that stem prison cells are critical in the future cures of many diseases that plague our nation and the world. Personally, I believe donating human eggs for stem cell research should be as common as giving agate line.Women are permitted to donate eggs for in vitro-fertilization therefore, I feel there is little to no difference in donating for stem cell research. If there is any indication of a difference it is in the number of lives that can be relieve through this much needed research. Furthermore, there are no increased health risks poses to women who donate eggs, correspond to a report commissioned by the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (Medical N ews Today, 2007).The Bedford Stem kiosk Research Foundation has made available a large amount of information on the social, policy-making and medical aspects of donation and research. However, when reviewing this information, I find the opposition most often base claims against stem cell research on the interference of egg use for other research needs (Romney, 2006). If more batch would educate themselves on the positives of stem cell research, they would clearly see that egg donation is a gift.It is a gift that works in much the same way as organ or blood donation. In concluding, I ask that you think of those who are watching their loved ones suffer from ailments such as Parkinsons and Alzheimers disease. Imagine the differences such advancements can make in the lives of so many who would other than be facing turmoil and the end of their days. Is it not worth it to allow women to give freely of themselves to keep back the lives of others?

Literary Canon Definition Essay Example for Free

Literary Canon Definition strainA literary mandate is a classification of literature. It is compromised of literary works that share similar or related characteristics and are considered to be the most important of a specific time frame or place. The process in which a work is orderized is completely subjective. And just as the judgments and opinions of people spay over time, so do literary canons. The status a work receives when it is entered into a literary canon is based on its relevance to the time stop consonant. Therefore a social change such as the feminist movement can determine what works are added and removed from a literary canonBoth the works of Gail Godwins A Sorrowful adult female and Karen Van Der Zees A mysterious Sorrow were composed during the rise of feminism. However, the perspective of muliebrity each work has varies greatly. A Secret Sorrow reflects the stereotypical view of cleaning lady that the feminist movement so strongly opposed. The view that woman are child bearing objects and should complete the role of the traditional housewife is irrelevant to the social changes casualty during time period.In stark contrast, A Sorrowful Woman is written about a woman who is weary and unsatisfied with her role as a mother and child. She even goes as far as to detach herself from her family and isolate herself into one room. This perspective ties closely with way many women felt during the time period when feminism was rising. Thus its social and historical relevance to the time period makes A Sorrowful Woman a much better fit to be entered into the literary canon.

Kodak Essay Example for Free

Kodak EssayThe purpose of this report is to perform an long analysis of the Eastman Kodak digital motion picturegraphy brand, and ultimately, to provide a sound foodstuffing strategy to their board ground on our findings. We do so by examining devil a macro view of the digital television tv camera pains as well as analyzing the brands history, positioning, success factors, and current ch wholeenges. We discovered that Eastman Kodak, man once the unquestion suitable leader in the film industry, failed to adapt to changing expert market apparent movements and was leftfield behind the digital revolution. Kodaks unsuccessful response to a major(ip) technological discontinuity has leave aloneed in a profound loss of market administer and profitability. We involve developed a market plan for the august state Kodak currently finds itself in, genius that pass on attempt to reinvigorate Kodaks brand as a premium name in digital photography by returning to its traditio nal values and competencies. eyepatch the company currently operates through three distinct parts Digital Film Imaging, Health Group, and Graphic Communications, we nonplus narrowed our scope to focus primarily on the digital film segment as we felt that this argona has the virtually potential for improvement in the near future.The Digital Film IndustryOrigins of the market placeThe evolution of the digital camera market mirrors the evolution of the technology and innovations surrounding photography itself. Throughout the 19th century the motivations behind innovations and discoveries in photography surrounded the speed and affordability of creating an exposure. Some of the earliest photographs took up to eight around hours of exposure to complete, and were often contained on flimsy and expensive materials, that did non lend themselves to creation easily shared. It is transparent that the desire to quickly create and share still imold ages existed more than a century be fore neo digital cameras were ever created.Early attempts at digitizing images for storage remained great(p)ly in the video resource segment, and really little focus was put on the technology for still images. The progress that was made was characterized by measly picture tonus and very difficult storage procedures. As a result, professional photographers and hobbyists clung to the old processes of growth film well into the 1990s. In reality it was the increasingly agonistical nature of the news media, particularly in the newspaper industry that led to some of the more workable innovations in digital still imaging technology. It was seen as a competitive advantage for a media outlet to take, store, and send images through digital transmission, sooner than wait for a slow development process before a picture could even be viewed. It is no coincidence that the first commercially available digital cameras were incredibly expensive and used roughly exclusively by photo journali sts.As was the case with the market, for still cameras relying on 35mm film for picture development, it was technological breakthroughs that spurred the growth of the digital camera market. With the development of JPEG file formats in the late 1980s digital images could be taken and stored on the same device using battery power. Although there are numerous competitive claims as to who entered the market first, Kodak was arguably the first entrant in 1991 with the DCS-100.The Growth of Digital PhotographyThe work shift from conventional to digital photography was a total shift of technology that not that all in all changed the way companies of this industry operate, except withal the carrefours and services they offered. Advancement in the information and communication technologies as well as signifi crouptly contri hardlyed in shaping digital photography, as well as the digital camera itself. Computers were existence used to store and edit photographs, part internet offered an easy way to share and distribute doubled copies of the image to disparate people at the same time. Furthermore, the concept of a photograph being pilot light was eliminated as duplicate, unidentifiable copies of the image were possible. The key growth stages of the digital photography can be summarized as follows.Steven Sasson (of Kodak) invented the digital camera in 1985 in Kodak research laboratories. The low operating cost, easy storage and scattering were the major attractive features of this new product. Instead of using film like traditional analog cameras they were able to store the image on internal storage or on rewritable memory cards.In 1986, many electronic cameras were released by different manufacturers, e.g., mandate released first still video electronic camera, Kodak 1.4 million picture element CCD, Nikon SVC, electronic camera with a 2/3-inch CCD of 300 000 pixels, Sony Mavica A7AF still video camera, (CCD) of 380,000 pixels which records images onto a 2-in ch floppy disks.The populaces first fully digital consumer digital camera was released by fuji cherry, with the feature that images could be digitally recorded on a removable memory cards. Since and so the improvement in camera manufacturing has go on over the years, as new players joined the race with the discovery of new dimensions of digital technology and its applications, and the wishing for new accessories. Hewlett-Pakards ink jet printers became consumer items. Sanyo, Samsung, Olympus also released new digital cameras, and Toshiba manufactured memory cards. union Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) created compression file format to easily transfer digital image electronically.The products were barely improved with the better understanding of digital technology as continued research and costs were well reduced in 1998, leading to exponential rise in gross revenue of digital cameras over the adjoining years. (See Exhibit 1 to see how digital camera gross revenue welcome skyrocketed since the turn of the century).New professions emerged diligence various available features of the digital cameras, and cameras were developed for the specific segments and niches, such as amateur photography, advertizing photography, chromatography column photography, documentary photography and scientific photography.Digital photography is still far from maturity, as products are forever introduced or improved though constant innovation. The need to develop specifications (sizes, dimensional tolerance for imaging media, and formats for all major users) and written standards for digital imaging are realized, developed by American National Standards bring in and International Standards Organization.Ultimately, the arrival of digital photography, combined with the ever-improving capabilities of computers to store and display photographs, and the Internet to share them helped revolutionize the major customer processes associated with photography. Photographs could no w be taken by consumers at virtually no cost, who could then tell apart to save or delete their photos with the push of a button, and decide to print them on a PC printer or via email. It is clear then that the industry is almost completely driven by both social and technological change.CompetitorsOverall, the digital film industry is a luxuriouslyly competitive one. An analysis of the forces that regard the long-run profit attractiveness of this particular segment would reveal that the industry has high threat of segment rivalry (existence of some(prenominal) large competing companies) high threat of new entrants (abundance of digital photography technology on brisk devices) extremely high threat of substitute devices (countless ways to put an image into digital format) high threat of buyer power (low differentiation level of most digital cameras) and finally, high threat of supplier power (cost of switching suppliers for a large digital camera company would be astronomical). Kodak manufactures and distributes a large number of different products, primarily focused around photography. The sale of each line of products comes with its own competitors. However, for the purposes of this report, the focus of the competitor analysis will be on cameras, both digital and non digital varieties.The camera industry had foundationwide sales of $35.5 billion in 2010. Given the large value of this industry, it is important to know what share of the market Kodaks competitors control. A look at the market for digital SLR cameras, disposable cameras and film follows.The serviceman market for digital SLR cameras is dominated by Canon and Nikon, who held world market shares of 37% and 33% individually in 2010. The remaining 30% market share is held primarily by Sony and Olympus/Panasonic. Sony sold 12% of the worlds digital SLR cameras in 2010, and Olympus/Panasonic had 11% of the market in that same period. Kodak was only one of the several competitors who comprise the remaining 7% of worldwide digital SLR camera sales.Low cost digital SLR cameras have come on to the market and are competing in the same space as digital condense cameras. A look at Kodaks website showed only one brand of digital SLR camera is being offered by Kodak. Since Kodak is primarily competing in the digital camera space through compact cameras, the shift in digital SLR cameras to a lower price point does not bode well for Kodak since it increases competition.Disposable camera sales in 2009 were comprised primarily of cameras under the Kodak and Fuji brands. Kodak enjoyed a 52.9% market share in this period, while Fuji held 18.1% of the world market. The majority of the remaining 29% of the worldwide market of disposable cameras came from private say brands, who sold 28.4% of disposable cameras worldwide. Disposable cameras like any other cameras come in two varieties, analog and digital. The market for analogue cameras has been decreasing over the years. For instance, t he sales of analogue cameras decreased from US$1,335.5 million in the United States in 2004 to only US$9.5 million in 2009. This is a decrease in sales of over 99% in only 6 years. Although Kodak has kept a leading position in the analogue market, the dissolution of the market for analogue cameras limits the value of Kodaks leading position in this segment.Kodak has also kept a leading position in the sale of camera film. However, this market segment has seen a similar fall in sales as the decrease in the disposable camera market. In this segment, Fuji is once again Kodaks largest competitor. Kodaks tagline Kodak Moments helps it maintain its leadership position in film, but the sharp decline in the sale of film and a strong competitor in Fuji once again limits the value of this leading position. The market for cameras has seen a rise in the competitiveness of one particular alternative product that may limit the growth potential of the camera industry in the future. Mobile phones w ith cameras built in now form the main substitute to cameras. Since these devices have many features such as video, audio, and internet browsing, and are relatively inexpensive, they represent a real threat to the camera industry. 80% of the world demand for the imaging devices and optical modules that comprise the cameras in mobile phones is handled by Panasonic, Sony, Sharp and Konica Minolta. Kodak does not compete in this market.Other substitutes that Kodak will need to compete with are counterfeit items. Not only are these items likely to be sold at lower prices, they are also generally lacking(p) in quality and could harm the brand of the companies whose products are being counterfeit.From this analysis of the current competitive landscape, we can see that Kodaks most important competitors in digital cameras are Canon, Nikon, Sony, Panasonic and Fuji. (See Exhibit 2 for a look at Kodak compared to its traditional competitor, Fuji). CustomersThe digital film industry targets a large number of consumers spanning different segments and demographics. The following will illustrate who these main consumers are and which kinds of individuals digital photography appeals to. SegmentsDigital photography is targeted to two major segments professional and non-professional consumers. As expected, the needs of these two target segments are quite different, and organizations in the digital camera industry market their product to appeal to these distinct expectations and needs. Digital camera companies, therefore, market their product to these diverse groups and consequently identify further submarkets and niche markets.DemographicsIn the world of photography demographic part plays very vital role in marketing the product. In this method of segmentation, demographics is important because customers wants, desires, preferences, and usages are potently associated with demographic uncertains. Interest in photography generally starts at early age, usually early teenagers . Consumers are not especially conscious about the brand but want to fulfill their purpose. However, this is the phase where a perception of the brand starts taking position in the minds and get stronger and stronger with the time. After this phase consumers of age 20 to 50 are divided into different groups. Some people adopt photography as profession, some use it for their extensive tourism habits, and finally some take it as fun and leisure action at law and some use it as their need. This use depends on their nature, living style and job requirement.Professionals, who adopt photography as occupation or as their hobby, are always more conscious about the quality and success results. They dont want to see that there is no photo in their camera after any event coverage or after returning from an adventure. They need more bona fide equipment with guarantee of better results because this is their earning source. If someone is pursuing photography just for fun and dont have passions for the hobby then they will typically not pay as close attention to the bells and whistles of the product.In terms of gender, photography appeals to both men and women alike. Marketing does not generally target men or women, although recent manufacturing of point and shoot cameras includes the product in a variety of colours for the consumer to choose from.Lastly, demographics in the digital film industry relies on the consumers income. The major manufacturers of digital cameras have realized this, and typically offer product ranging from budget quality, to expensive professional equipment.PsychographicsPsychology is also a strong variable to understand consumers. People are different based on their personality traits, psychology, life style and values. Psychographic compose could be completely different within same demographic group of consumers. For example, two individuals of same age group have same range of income like photography as a fun but they have different psychology. One is more caring about quality with regard to details captured in the pictures and the other more focus on the originality of the colours of the pictures. For this reason, camera manufacturers have produced cameras with a plethora of adaptable features, which can be modified to suit the users preferences.Important TrendsThe broad industry of photo imaging and cameras has gone through some profound changes over the past several decades. As expected, technological advancements over the past century are the prime drivers of the various trends this industry has witnessed.Perhaps the greatest switching this industry has seen has been the relatively recent rise of the digital camera phenomenon. Although the prototype for the digital film industry began with the development of Sonys analog-type Mavica electronic camera, this product did not gain immediate acceptance in the grocery store due to its high price and the lack of suitable peripherals (i.e personal computers). The larger tre nd towards digital cameras then was truly popularized in the late 1990s and early 2000s with digital point and shoot cameras, of which Kodak participated in at a much later stage than its competitors. With the release of these user friendly devices, digital camera sales increased by 75% per year by 1997 where film cameras increased by 3%. At first, the absence of an LCD screen for formatting, shooting, and reviewing purposes proved to be a hindrance to the popularization of digital cameras. once the LCD screen was introduced, the trend was ignited. Photos could now be viewed immediately, and kept or discarded as the consumer desired.Today, most major camera manufacturers have made the exodus from film to digital. Canon as well as Nikon surprised the world when they agreed to stop production of most film cameras, setting another trend that has continued to this day.Another major shift in the world of digital photography was the gradual branch of cameras on mobile phones. As technol ogy improved, so did the quality of cameras included with virtually every mobile device. As expected, this had an impact on the sale of cheap digital cameras, as the phenomenon was now available to anyone who had a mobile device. This trend continues to this day, with both iphones and Blackberries including high quality cameras with their mobile devices.Currently, there has been a revival of DSLR cameras, with Canon and Nikon holding the majority of market share. Although it is difficult to predict future trends in the camera industry, many market researchers, trend watchers, and technology prognosticators agree that digital is here to stay. Easy access to necessary peripherals such as personal computers and even printers has garnered quick acceptance of the digital camera by consumers. The move to digital will remain however, the relative maturation of the Japanese, North American and European digital camera markets may result in repeat buyers, as well as marketing cameras to for l ate adopters. This could all culminate in lower profit margins for some of the worlds leading camera manufacturers.

Question Conservation of Energy Essay Example for Free

Question Conservation of Energy analyseMissy Diwater, the former platform diver for the Ringling Brothers Circus had a energising postal code of 15 000 J just prior to hitting the bucket of water. If Missys masses is 50 kg, thus what is her speed? Solution fit in to energy conservation, the kinetic energy at the bottom of the dive (15,000J) is equal to her gravitational potential energy before the dive. We can use this fact to find her dive height PE = mgh h = PE/mg = 15,000J / (50kg)(9. 81m/s? ) 31m (rounded) Her speed can also be found from energy conseration E(final) = E(initial) 0. 5mv? = mgh v = v2gh = v2(9. 81m/s? )(31m) = 25m/s 2. A 750-kg compact car moving at 100 km/hr has approximately 290 000 Joules of kinetic energy. What is the kinetic energy of the same car if it is moving at 50 km/hr? Solution KE =v 2 (Kinetic Energy = speed 2 If the speed is reduce by a means of 2 (as in form 100 km/hr) then the KE will reduce by a factor 4. Thus,the new KE = 290 000 J / 4 KE = 72 500 J 3.A cart is loaded with a brick and pulled at constant speed along an inclined plane of an angle of 30o to the height of a seat-top. If the mass of the loaded cart is 3. 0 kg and the inclined distance of the seat top is 0. 45 meters, then what is the potential energy of the loaded cart at the height of the seat-top? Solution PE = mgh PE = 3 kg x 10 m/s/s x 0. 45m PE = 13. 5 J 4. A 75kg trampoline artist jumps vertically downward from the top of a platform with a speed of 5m/s. How fast is he going as he lands on the trampoline 2m below?If the trampoline behaves like a spring of spring constant 5. 2E104 N/m, how utmost does he depress it? Soluiton a) s = 1/2(u+v)t 2. 0m = 0. 5 * 5m/s * t 2. 0m = 10 * t t = 2. 0m/20 t = 0. 1s b) Hookes Law states F=kx x is the displacement of the spring (depression) F = Restoring force k = spring constant Rearrange. x = F/k What is the force upon hitting the trampoline? We have the mass so lets work out the acceleration. Acceleration = velocity/time Acceleration = 5/0. 1 = 50m/s2 F=ma F = 75*50 = 3750N Substitute into Hookes Law x = 3750/(5. 2*104N-m) = 0. 072m of depression

Food and Culture Essay Example for Free

intellectual nourishment and Culture EssayThat is, both mother and chela are being watched, judged, and constructed by society since devising a good obento may please her child and to a fault affirm that she is a good mother, and child consuming their entire meal in a appropriate manner is considered well-taught. This social phenomenon represents that culture is constructed with big businessman which exerts a force which operates in ways that are subtle, disguised, and accepted as everyday social practice. other essay Carole Counihans Mexicanas Food Voice and Differential Consciousness in the San Luis Valley of Colorado uses the baptistry of Ryubal to suggest how women can display differential consciousness through their practices and beliefs surrounding food. In society where traditionalistic division of labor in cooking is still prevalent, a Mexican women Helen Ryubal challenged the traditional views of women and cooking by rejecting cooking, making husbands respect wome n who cooked, and involving husband in cooking.Her strategy not only minimized the subordinating dimensions of procreative labor but as well valued and benefited from the help of her mother, sister, and husband. Her attempt has been based on her ideologies which was developed from differential consciousness which is a key strategy apply by dominated peoples to survive demeaning and disempowering structures and ideologies (175). both essays are focusing on the relationship between food and gender through each case.Allison considered obentos as a container of cultural meanings, and social expectations from women and their performance and effort in obentos. Counihans ethnographic research of Ryubal also provided evolved relationship between women and food which could be possible due to her differential consciousness. Two authors both used a certain level of methodology to associate with their claim such as Ideological recite Apparatus and differential consciousness.This utilization strongly supports their claim and strengthens the relationship between gender and food in culture. Moreover, both authors imply the relationship food is not a mere subject but sort of deeply involved with society and its ideology. As the readings focus on the relationship between gender and food, it is manifest that this relationship is deeply rooted in cultural representation. To be more specific, culture constructs what is considered as normal, custom, reasonable, satisfactory under ideology.The hegemonic view from this culture forms womens custodial relationship with food. As an asian adult female, I also have countless experience relating to food. Similar to most of asian culture, the societys expectation from woman is still traditional- cooking is womens role and they are suppose to serve their men and rest of the family. equal Ryubals challenge, the counter-hegemonic view toward womans relationship to food and reasonable, modern alternatives are necessary.